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The female subject in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China gradually approached the "historical surface" through female text expression, and female expression, as a part of literary Chinese practice, experienced ups and downs with the transformation of modern literary Chinese. On the one hand, the changes of vocabulary, grammar and composition concepts provide key clues for the change of women’s concepts and text expression; On the other hand, women’s literary practice and discourse style in the transformation of Chinese, as the object of enlightenment, not only echo the changes of literary Chinese, but also reflect the process of self-adjustment of gender subjects in the nation and language. Borrowing Professor Wen Guiliang’s definition, the so-called "literary Chinese", that is, a connection between literature and language, brings the interaction and evolution between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese, classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese, classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese into the interpretation of literature in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Compared with traditional boudoir singing and vernacular writing after the May 4th Movement, women’s writing in this period conveyed not only radical determination, but also a dilemma. The vernacular newspaper is a window to examine China’s female consciousness and gender writing in the transitional period.

As a cadre of the May 4th Vernacular Movement, Hu Shi tried his best to separate the May 4th Vernacular Movement from the late Qing Dynasty Vernacular Movement, but he also recalled his experience of editing the late Qing vernacular newspaper Jingye Xunbao more than once. "In 1906, several of my classmates in China College ran a regular publication called Jingye Xunbao, another example of Darwin’s theory." I started writing in vernacular Chinese six years before the Republic of China (Bingwu). At that time, I wrote half a chapter novel and some papers for Shanghai Jingye Xunbao, all of which were written in vernacular Chinese. The "half-chapter novel" mentioned by Hu Shi is as true as an island written in vernacular, which already contains the content of criticizing early marriage. According to Chen Wanxiong’s statistics, there were 149 kinds of vernacular newspapers in the last decade of the late Qing Dynasty, not including the illustrated newspaper and some newspapers with both literary and vernacular styles. According to Cai Lesu’s textual research, there were more than 170 kinds of vernacular newspapers and periodicals in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. On the basis of previous research, Professor Hu Quanzhang concluded that there were 257 kinds of vernacular newspapers founded in the last decade of the late Qing Dynasty. Among these huge late Qing newspapers and periodicals, Hu Shi’s example is just a drop in the ocean. These newspapers connected scholars from all over the world, trying to contribute their own strength to the cause of saving the nation and surviving, and then formed a massive vernacular movement in the late Qing Dynasty. A large number of vernacular newspapers in the late Qing Dynasty were founded in the name of region.Wuxi Vernacular Newspaper, Ningbo Vernacular Newspaper, Hangzhou Vernacular Newspaper, Wuhu Vernacular Newspaper, Hunan Vernacular Newspaper, Hubei Vernacular Newspaper, Jiangxi Vernacular Newspaper, Shanxi Vernacular Newspaper, Guangzhou Vernacular Newspaper, Fujian Vernacular Newspaper, Dianhua Daily, Tianjin Vernacular Newspaper, Hebei Vernacular Newspaper, Henan Vernacular Speech Newspaper and Shandong Vernacular Newspaper Although some vernacular newspapers were founded abroad, such as Dian Hua, which was founded in Tokyo, Japan, they all have a strong regional color in terms of the sponsor’s native place, column setting and newspaper language. These vernacular newspapers, named after different places, hope to start with the customs of a place that the founders are familiar with, publicize new knowledge in vernacular, and change customs in a targeted manner.

Wuxi Vernacular Newspaper, No.1, 1898

1898 was an "eventful autumn". Apart from the "Reform Movement of 1898" that shook the Qing court, the ups and downs of literary criticism in the press and literary circles all moved with the "great change in a hundred years". Countless intellectuals devoted themselves to the cause of "enlightening the foolish and enlightening the people’s wisdom". Among the numerous newspapers and magazines in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, vernacular newspapers and periodicals are naturally a striking part. The fermentation and germination of all kinds of new and old ideological trends are extremely unstable and full of contingency. Various vernacular newspapers and periodicals established for the purpose of "enlightening the foolish" and vernacular chapters published in major newspapers and periodicals have played a catalytic role in this process, awakening modern women’s consciousness and shaping the image of "new women". Also in 1898, Wuxi Vernacular Newspaper(Later renamed China Guanyin Vernacular Newspaper)It was founded in Wuxi on May 11th, and the Journal of Women was founded in Shanghai on July 24th. The two newspapers are directly related to the practice of women’s vernacular and the prosperity of women’s studies. Although the editor-in-chief of Wuxi Vernacular Newspaper is Qiu Tingliang, the most important editor-in-chief is actually his niece Qiu Yufang. As an influential vernacular newspaper in the late Qing Dynasty, the newspaper content of Wuxi Vernacular Newspaper presents a complicated scene of literary and vernacular transformation. Qiu Yufang hesitated in the statute of women’s education, and her vernacular practice such as Notes on Women’s Commandments and Chronicle of Mencius became a microcosm of the germination of women’s consciousness in the late Qing Dynasty. As the journal of China Women’s Association, Journal of Women aims at promoting women’s studies and restoring women’s rights, and its words are easy to understand. The main contributors include Kang Tongwei, Xue Shaohui, Shen Heqing, Qiu Yufang, Li Huixian, Pan Xuan, Jiang Yufang and others, and there are as many as 18 main writers listed in the first issue alone. Women’s vernacular practice in newspapers and periodicals became an organic part of vernacular newspapers in the late Qing Dynasty.

There are countless reports about women in vernacular newspapers, including-first, news about the opening, enrollment and teaching of women’s schools, Anhui Vernacular Newspaper, National Vernacular Daily, Hangzhou Vernacular Newspaper, Shaoxing Vernacular Newspaper, Jilin Vernacular Newspaper and Zhili Vernacular Newspaper, etc., which have been reported many times, and some of them are "news of this province (local port)" Secondly, regarding the complex connection between women’s schools and the society in the late Qing Dynasty, the content of the debate started from schools, textbooks and students’ birth, and the concern for female students often combined with the general discussion of women in the late Qing Dynasty, that is, the re-transformation of the gender concept of the whole society. For example, the social news that prostitutes pretend to be female students published in Tianjin Vernacular Newspaper, and the satirical ditty published by Zhang Danfu in Jingye Xunbao, etc. There are also discussions on a series of social phenomena around women, such as women’s moral cultivation, freedom to get married, etc. For example, the National Opinion serialized by China Vernacular Newspaper has a special issue to discuss "women’s society", the editorials "Vulgar Articles" and "Re-discussing Marriage" serialized by Anhui Vernacular Newspaper, and the New Testament on Marriage serialized by Hangzhou Vernacular Newspaper, etc. Third, the initiative of calling on women to fight for their own rights and interests, actively enter school and be self-reliant is more inclined to the discourse of political power.For example, the long editorial "On Women’s Right to Restore Women’s Rights" serialized in National Vernacular Newspaper, and the speech "Wake Up Women Compatriots" published in Guangdong Vernacular Newspaper, etc. These vernacular newspapers either focus on women’s studies in the form of editorials and news reports, or promote new women in literary forms such as poems, operas and novels, and at the same time echo other vernacular works related to women in the late Qing Dynasty. In a word, the relevant vernacular newspapers in the late Qing Dynasty formed a dense communication network centered on the germination of female consciousness. The base camp of vernacular newspapers in the late Qing Dynasty was of course large and small vernacular newspapers, but at the same time, many newspapers that paid equal attention to both literature and vulgarity also set up columns such as "forum", "performance altar" and "speech" to publish articles written in vernacular or shallow classical Chinese. Most of these articles are vernacular speeches, that is, speeches written in the form of vernacular Chinese, which can be said to be recorded in a popular written language that simulates spoken language for people to read or for journalists to play. When the author writes, he imagines that he is a virtual journalist, such as the column "Playing the altar" in Women’s World, China Women’s Newspaper and China New Women’s Magazine. There are also some vernacular songs published in classical Chinese newspapers to promote women’s studies, oppose foot-binding and encourage female workers, which have certain artistic appeal, such as the song of kicking off feet in Chinese and Western Church Newspaper, the song of encouraging students published in the newspaper of Reply, and the collection of songs in Women’s World. Although this part of the vernacular newspapers published in classical Chinese newspapers are scattered everywhere, the number is very considerable.

Vernacular, the first issue in 1904, was founded by Qiu Jin.

As early as before the May Fourth Vernacular Movement, Huang Zunxian’s "I wrote my mouth by hand, how can I be detained in ancient times?"("Miscellaneous feelings")Chen Rongqi’s "There is no elegance and vulgarity in speech"(As the saying goes)Qiu Tingliang’s "Advocating Vernacular and Abandoning Classical Chinese"("On Vernacular Language as the Foundation of Reform")And so on have put forward the idea of consistency in words and words. It is true that, as Zhou Zuoren pointed out, the vernacular and classical Chinese at that time were used by the "valet" and the "master" respectively, and many vernacular Chinese had a strong stereotype. Even the pioneers of vernacular Chinese such as Huang Zunxian, whose works promoting vernacular Chinese are mostly written in ancient poems and classical Chinese. However, from the objective effect, the vernacular practice of the vernacular movement in the late Qing Dynasty became the forerunner of the May 4th vernacular movement to some extent, which not only gave birth to writers and readers of vernacular, promoted vernacular teaching, affected the transformation process of China literature, but also provided the soil for the evolution of Chinese’s gender consciousness when the west wind spread eastward. It is worth noting that the female intellectuals in China in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China were not only active practitioners of vernacular writing, but also did not blindly follow suit in theoretical advocacy. According to Professor Xia Xiaohong’s research, in the inaugural issue of Shanghai Journal for Women on July 24th, 1898, Pan Xuan’s article "The Origin of Shanghai Journal for Women" has discriminated the dichotomy of classical Chinese, and put forward the idea of trying to figure out practical learning in vernacular Chinese, which was more than a month earlier than Qiu Tingliang’s proposal that "vernacular Chinese is the foundation of reform", and Qiu Yufang, the niece of the latter, also participated in the Journal for Women. The vernacular movement in the late Qing Dynasty and the awakening of modern women’s consciousness are in one vein. Although it is different from the May 4th Movement in terms of distinctiveness and determination, women’s expression in this period has its own tenacity and endurance.

The female expression in the transformation of literary Chinese is not only reflected in the changes of text practice such as style, vocabulary and grammatical structure, but also in the innovation of composition conception and writing concept, which is an important link in the construction of gender subject. A close look at the "discipline" of literary rhetoric in the vernacular newspaper corpus on discourse practice and the "delay" and "breakthrough" of women in literary expression can enrich and refine the modern gender subject research. At the same time, the literary language from the late Qing Dynasty to the May 4th Movement is intrinsically related to the pursuit of modernity, and language has formed an inseparable relationship chain with national salvation, enlightenment and prosperity. In this process, the awakening and maturity of women’s consciousness is closely related to language change and national crisis, and the prominence of modern gender subject is always accompanied by the birth of language subject and national subject.

During the nearly 20 years from the Vernacular Movement in the late Qing Dynasty to the Vernacular Movement in the May 4th Movement, with the deepening of the Chinese Pinyin Movement, various attempts to "speak and write the same" and "unify the language" were reflected in the historical ups and downs of the transformation of the vernacular. A group of scholars in the late Qing Dynasty tried to promote mass enlightenment through language reform. The transformation of literary Chinese in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China was accompanied by the rise of modern nationalism. On the road of modernization, the "differences" between Chinese and Western cultures were mostly classified as "gaps", and the "weakness" of China’s language and writing became the "shame" of Chinese people’s "courage after knowing shame". The strokes of Chinese characters are complicated and difficult, and learning to recite them is not as convenient as pinyin; The pronunciation of Chinese characters is not unified, and the spread of Chinese can only rely on classical Chinese. As a mature written language system, the communication ability of classical Chinese is limited, and there are obstacles in absorbing new theories. In the case of dichotomy of language and literature, people’s educational enlightenment is limited everywhere, and people’s hearts are scattered, so it is impossible to cultivate "new citizens", let alone resist foreign aggression. Under this deduction, the problem of language and writing eventually becomes the problem of preserving species in a powerful country. The rise of vernacular status is not only a cultural event, but also a political behavior of Chinese after several choices in the process of modernization. In the two clues of the vernacular movement and the Chinese Pinyin movement, the admiration and tempering of vernacular, the secondary processing of spoken language and the creative use of dialect vocabulary have become the joint points connecting literary language and women. For women at that time, on the one hand, the Qing government did not bring women’s studies into the official academic system until 1907,On the other hand, the practice of women’s discourse, including women’s education, women’s enlightenment and many other social issues, has long been seen in newspapers, and the teaching of women’s studies began in the 1840s. In the dual vision of language, culture and gender awareness, neologisms are intertwined with new styles, oral expression strategies and gender reference under the academic system, which refines the macro discussion of home and country into specific and subtle lines:

First, the new vocabulary and new style in the late Qing Dynasty from the perspective of female enlightenment. New terms such as "women’s rights", "women" and "female students" have become hot topics in the process of western learning spreading to the east, and their meanings have been localized with the interpretation of different literary forms such as novels, ballads and contemporary tunes, which have become an indispensable part of female enlightenment. The process of introducing new terms related to women is a process of translation and learning physics and chemistry; The borrowing of these new terms in the transformation of various literary styles is a process of enlightenment and popularization. The coupling and dislocation of the meanings of various new words in the two processes reflects the expectations of different groups for "new women".

Second, dialect, spoken language, vernacular and female expression strategies. Whether it’s political papers and speeches for women, school songs and novels, etc., we can increase the semantic interval, soften the tone, and narrow and imagine the distance between readers through written direct recording of dialects and spoken language. The direct written records of spoken language and dialects, such as "Du" and "Ge" in Wu dialect and "La", "Wu" and "Xi" in Cantonese, make the form of early vernacular literature more lively. However, the colloquial dialogues of female narrators are different in different works, and sometimes the written language and even classical Chinese components increase significantly. At this time, women can’t give up "classical Chinese" and the discourse authority behind it.

Thirdly, female text reference under the influence of female school system and female education statute. Works with women as narrators and texts with women as narrative objects use different pronouns for "I" and "she", such as "woman", "woman" and "sister", which reflects the conflict, transition and integration between traditional women’s education and westernized women’s studies in modern times, and gradually establishes the gender subject in the process of reference transformation. The teaching materials and writing paradigms involved in women’s schools in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China are interrelated with the singular and plural forms of references such as "women and children", "sisters" and "I (we)" in women’s text practice. China women awakened by the propaganda of "collective/individual" and "country/home" also experienced changes in words, genres and concepts in the process of composition.

Picture of foot-wrapped humiliation, Anhui Daily, No.13, 1904.

What needs to be clear is that when discussing women’s writing, especially in the process of writing language changing from classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese, the opposition of gender identity cannot be simply linked with the opposition of classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese. If we can’t restore the context in combination with the scene of literary production, we can’t explain how some female vocalists continue the "discourse authority" of classical Chinese in their vernacular creation, nor can we explain the phenomenon that men use female pseudonyms, imitate women’s tone and call for women’s unity in their vernacular creation. However, since there is an attempt to imitate women’s tone writing, it means that there is at least a paradigm of women’s writing style, which is not a gender bias that needs to be broken, but a characteristic of women’s language in the historical context at that time. On the relationship between language and gender differences, many discussions in linguistics are quite enlightening. As early as 1922, Otto Jespersen wrote in his linguistic treatise The Essence, Development and Origin of Language (Language: its nature, development and origin) has devoted a special chapter to the characteristics of women’s language, and made a simple comparison between the language habits of the two sexes from the aspects of language taboos, vocabulary selection, grammar and sentence patterns. However, due to the limitations of the times, the author failed to provide systematic data support, but analyzed the reasons for the differences from the perspective of anthropology. Jesper’s view belongs to the typical "defect theory", that is, women’s language is a defective low-level version compared with men’s because of their limited education and most of them have not left home or engaged in labor production outside the family. With the development of linguistics and the influence of the western women’s movement, the discussion on language and gender differences since 1960s has successively produced two viewpoints, namely "dominance theory" and "difference theory".Language and Women’s Place, 1975) thinks that the language difference between men and women is the mapping of gender inequality in society, while the latter has emerged since the 1990s, and scholars represented by Alice R Freed began to correct the inappropriate exposition of men and women in the "defect theory" and "dominance theory". Different from previous studies, which regard women as passive roles, the "difference theorists" believe that both sexes have their own characteristics, and there is no distinction between higher and lower languages, and they are all equal individuals. It is not difficult to find that the western research on the relationship between gender and language is updated with the deepening of western women’s self-cognition. Although the viewpoints involved are rooted in the historical soil of western civilization, the discussion on women’s education, class, spoken and written language and discourse power is of great significance for reviewing and analyzing the transformation of women’s creative language in modern China.

In the process of the west spreading to the east, it is impossible for women in China to stay out of it, but their "voice" has to be torn with the women’s education regulations, and the women’s education regulations have changed because of the influence of the western education system on women’s education in China. The factors related to gender in the transitional period are no longer "constants". Therefore, it is necessary to fully consider the differences between Chinese and western women’s text practice, gender subject generation and feminist movement process, and firmly grasp the main clues of the evolution of modern China’s language and writing concepts in the collision and interweaving of tradition and modernity, and East and West. Only in this way can we establish a three-dimensional structure of literature, Chinese, women’s expression, country and nation through vertical and horizontal comparison, just like finding a criterion in the ubiquitous "variable" wrestling field in the literary production field.

(Part of this article comes from the online lecture "Women’s Expression in the Transition of Literariness in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China" given by the author to the Confucius Institute in Hong Kong and the China Department of Culture of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University on April 6th. )

　　On the afternoon of September 27th, the State Council Press Office held a routine briefing on the State Council policy, introducing the situation of supporting the stable development of foreign trade and answering reporters’ questions.

　　Wang Shouwen, international trade negotiator and vice minister of the Ministry of Commerce, said that from January to August, China’s foreign trade import and export reached 27.3 trillion yuan, a record high. However, foreign trade is facing some new uncertainties, and the growth of external demand is slowing down, which is the biggest uncertainty facing foreign trade at present. This is reflected in the slowdown in the economic growth of major economies such as the United States and Europe, and the decline in the growth rate of global trade in goods.

　　In order to cope with this background and promote the steady growth of foreign trade, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made timely arrangements to create a good environment for foreign trade enterprises and create good conditions for the goal of maintaining stability and improving quality of foreign trade.

　　From January to August, China’s mechanical and electrical products accounted for 56.5% of foreign trade exports, while automobile exports increased by 57.6% and solar cell exports increased by 92.6%. It is worth noting that in August, the export growth of China to other RCEP member countries reached 23%, which was 11.2 percentage points higher than the overall foreign trade export growth rate in August. Free trade agreements, including RCEP, came into effect on January 1st this year, which played a very important role in promoting the development of China’s foreign trade.

　　Generally speaking, despite the background of slowing or even weakening external demand, we are confident that foreign trade will achieve positive growth in the second half of the year and make positive contributions to the recovery of the national economy through the growth of foreign trade.

Every editor, every reporter Zhao Yangge　　　　

Every reporter Zhao Yangge

Liaoning Zhenlong Specialty Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Liaoning Zhenlong), a company mainly engaged in the processing and sales of seed kernel series products and other dried fruits and nuts, published its prospectus in official website, China Securities Regulatory Commission on April 23, 2014. After waiting for nearly two years, it was not the listing road, but the filing inspection.

The company faces many risks.

A piece of news is going viral. According to many media reports, such as China, a brokerage firm, Liaoning Zhenlong IPO was investigated for alleged fraud, and Cinda Securities, as its sponsor and lead underwriter, was also implicated, and was also investigated by the CSRC before January 26, 2016. Cinda Securities has also confirmed the relevant information to the media.　

According to public information, the prospectus of Liaoning Zhenlong was signed on April 22, 2014, and the website of the CSRC was disclosed on April 23, 2014.

On March 13th, 2015, China Securities Regulatory Commission issued the "Information Disclosure Quality Spot Check and Lottery of Initial Public Offerings", including Liaoning Zhenlong and Sichuan imperial ware Co., Ltd..

It is reported that Liaoning Zhenlong was established on October 17, 2000, with legal representative Huang Yue and registered capital of 80 million yuan. Its main business is the processing and sales of seed products and other dried fruits and nuts, including pumpkin seeds, pine seeds and sunflower seeds. Nut products such as pistachios; Pumpkin seeds, pumpkin noodles and other pumpkin seed series comprehensive utilization products and other products such as beans and miscellaneous grains. The company mainly exports, and the data show that its export income once accounted for 80% of its main income, and its products were sold to Germany, the Netherlands, the United States, Canada, Australia and South Korea. According to Liaoning Zhenlong, the top five customers of the company in 2013 were all abroad.

National business daily reporter noted that based on Liaoning Zhenlong’s own business situation, the company faces many risks:

First of all, because the company’s main raw materials are agricultural products such as pumpkin seeds and nuts such as pine seeds, the cost of raw materials accounts for 90% of the main business cost, so when the output of raw materials needed for production is affected by climate, planting area and other factors, it is inevitable that the company’s purchase price will fluctuate greatly. This year-by-year cost change from 2011 to 2013 disclosed by Liaoning Zhenlong can be seen.

Secondly, because of the consideration of raw material planting and other factors, Liaoning Zhenlong needs to store raw materials, and the fourth quarter of each year to February of the following year is the centralized procurement period of raw materials. Seasonal centralized procurement is a remarkable feature of the company’s raw material procurement, and the proportion of raw material inventory amount to raw material procurement amount is about 30%. This kind of seasonal purchase is large, and the raw materials are stored for a long time. The company has the risk of deterioration and damage of raw materials due to insufficient storage space, abnormal climate or lax storage management.

In addition, because Liaoning Zhenlong mainly exports, the change of exchange rate will undoubtedly have an impact on the company. According to the data disclosed by the company, the exchange losses from 2011 to 2013 were 2,710,800 yuan, 1,694,900 yuan and 9,563,500 yuan respectively, which will undoubtedly affect the company’s profitability. At the same time, because the products are mainly exported, the company also faces the risk of changes in the export tax rebate policy.

Agricultural stock fraud is "more impulsive"?

Interestingly, as an agricultural enterprise, Liaoning Zhenlong is not an isolated case, and many agricultural enterprises have made frauds before.

After consulting the public information, the reporter of national business daily found that as early as 1994, Yinguangxia, known as the "first blue chip in China", had inflated profits by 772 million yuan from 1998 to 2001, and its share price (after being reinstated) rose from around 2.5 yuan in 1998 to nearly 25 yuan at the end of 2001. After the fraud incident, its share price plummeted again, falling short of 0.5 yuan.

Lantian shares, the "first agricultural stock in China" listed in June 1996, once created the "myth" of the capital market with its "excellent performance". The fact is that in 1999 and 2000, the company’s fictitious operating income was 3.69 billion yuan (actually only 64 million yuan) and its fictitious net profit was 940 million yuan (actual loss).

In 2005, Fengle Seed Industry, which had been listed for 8 years, was found to have been faked for 6 years, with fictitious main income of 180 million yuan and inflated net profit of 40.06 million yuan.

In 2006, Grassland Xingfa was listed for 9 years, and accumulated inflated net assets of 1.415 billion yuan, and at the same time fabricated operating income and costs.

In 2011, Green Land became the first case of small and medium-sized board fraud, which also alarmed the market with inflated assets and revenue.

From 2008 to 2011, Wanfushengke accumulated inflated income of about 740 million yuan and inflated net profit of about 160 million yuan, which was called "the first stock of fraud on GEM".

According to Ruilin’s investment research, many agricultural stock frauds are worthy of market consideration: First, the infrastructure construction, raw material procurement and sales involved in the business activities of agricultural enterprises mainly involve individual farmers and small farmers’ cooperative organizations. This determines that the trading objects of such enterprises are extremely scattered, and the trading means need to use a lot of cash, and their business flow and cash flow are not as clear and strict as those of other industrial and commercial enterprises, which has caused fundamental difficulties in auditing; Second, in order to encourage the development of agricultural production and agricultural products processing industry, the state has implemented many preferential tax policies, and the tax rate of agriculture is very low, even some areas are completely tax-free, which will greatly reduce the tax cost of fraud. However, industries without tax incentives need to pay more than 10% of sales. In order to make fraud, companies in these industries must pay a lot of real money to pay taxes for several years, and the cost of fraud is high; Third, the operating profit rate of agricultural enterprises is generally low, and if the market is slightly disturbed, enterprises may lose money, and the profit pressure of enterprises is greater than other enterprises. Moreover, the cyclical characteristics of agricultural enterprises, especially aquaculture, are very obvious, and it is difficult for enterprises to maintain stable profit growth. In order to maintain a good image of sustained profit, companies have a stronger impulse to falsify.

　　Iraq’s Ahdab oil field project. Photo courtesy of China Petroleum Middle East Company

　　"We have prepared brochures for the villagers to introduce them to some environmental protection and safety knowledge, including how to prevent and treat hydrogen sulfide, protect underground pipelines in oil fields, prevent electric shock, and protect farmland." Abid said. At 9 o’clock in the morning, Iraqi boy Abid and Hussein came to the village near Alar Town, Kut City, Iraq to carry out environmental protection and safety knowledge publicity activities. As members of the Green Action Team of the Ahead Oil Field Project, they shoulder the responsibility of publicizing the concept of green environmental protection, coordinating community relations and ensuring safe production, and undertake the task of green and sustainable development of the Ahead Oil Field.

　　Iraq’s Ahdab Oilfield Project, located in Kut, Wasit Province, 180 kilometers southeast of Baghdad, is the first foreign oil cooperation project in which China enterprises participated after the war in Iraq. In 1997, China Petroleum and Natural Gas Group Corporation (hereinafter referred to as "China Petroleum"), China Ordnance Industry Group Corporation and Iraqi Petroleum Marketing Company jointly established Oasis Petroleum Co., Ltd., which was responsible for the construction and development of Ahdab Oilfield. This project is the first project of China Petroleum in the Middle East. Affected by many factors, the project was restarted in November 2008 after being stranded for 12 years.

　　Since its inception in 2009, the project team has adopted the world-leading patented technology of harmless treatment of waste mud to treat drilling and workover mud in oil fields, becoming the first oil field project built by an international oil company in Iraq, which integrates the treatment and production of oil, gas, water, electricity, liquefied petroleum gas and sulfur, with the most complicated treatment process and the most complete system. "The project insists on advanced treatment of acid waste gas to produce sulfur with a purity of over 99.99%, which greatly reduces the impact on the environment and benefits more than 1.4 million local people in Iraq, which is of great significance to the green environment construction in the oil region." Gong Changli, project leader, said.

　　From 2009 to the end of 2022, the waste liquid and waste residue produced in the process of drilling and workover of 401 wells have been treated in a centralized and harmless way, and the accumulated investment has exceeded 60 million US dollars, which has created a precedent in the history of drilling and environmental protection in Iraq.

　　In 2018, a Green Action Team was set up in Ahmedabad Oilfield, all of which were composed of Iraqi employees. It was responsible for publicizing the concept of green environmental protection, laws and regulations, safety production and other related knowledge to local people, collecting local people’s opinions and demands on the environment of the oil region, and further achieving the goal of environment-friendly development. At the beginning of February this year, some residents in the oil area reported the situation to the external operation coordination department of the oil field. The villagers were about to carry out channel dredging operations in the cultivated land area, fearing that they would encounter underground pipelines, and took the initiative to seek help from the oil field in advance. "After receiving the reflected situation, we rushed to the scene at the first time. After confirming the location of the underground pipeline, we contacted the ground engineers and technicians in time to guide the operation, and took pipeline protection measures to assist the local villagers to successfully complete the ditch dredging operation and avoid the phenomenon of destroying the underground pipeline." Abid said.

　　"In addition to our daily work, we will also collect white garbage such as plastic bags and mineral water bottles in the oil area and send them to the garbage dumping station for centralized treatment." According to Abid, over the past five years, the Green Action Team has collected more than 360 vehicles of white garbage to keep the clean environment of the oilfield operation area, which has been well received by the local people.

　　At the same time of oilfield development and construction, the project allocates special funds from oilfield operation funds every year as the construction funds of social public welfare projects, and carries out public welfare projects in the fields of medical care, transportation, education, sports, electric power facilities, etc., actively promoting local economic development and helping to improve the living standards of local people.

　　By the end of February this year, the oil field had produced more than 61 million tons of crude oil, and all the oil and gas were exported normally, which created a stable and considerable economic income for Iraq, trained a large number of local young technical talents, created more than 5,000 direct or indirect employment opportunities for the local area, and helped local community residents to obtain sustainable development opportunities and improve their lives from the source, thus building a mutually beneficial and win-win development strategy. During the development and construction period, the project has driven many China engineering technology and construction service teams to enter the Iraqi market, and most of the oilfield equipment comes from China.

　　Mohammad Jamir, governor of Wasit province where the oil field is located, said that the Ahdab oil field project has opened a new journey for Wasit province to become a modern industrial city, and the urban landscape has been greatly improved, with no potholes and dusty roads, and the concept of green development is more deeply rooted in people’s hearts.

　　An article in Iraq’s "Tomorrow Daily" said that China Company contributed a lot to the post-war reconstruction of Iraq. "Iraq needs China, and Iraq and China must continue to strengthen cooperation in various fields, especially in the political and economic fields."

　　Iraq’s Ahdab oil field project. Photo courtesy of China Petroleum Middle East Company

　　Iraq’s Ahdab oil field project. Photo courtesy of China Petroleum Middle East Company

　　Attention, friends!

　　Yangtze River Delta Headquarters, Shanghai Main Station and related projects

　　Come on! Build! Ok! Yes! !

　　In October last year, the Central Radio and Television General Station and the Shanghai Municipal People’s Government held a signing ceremony for deepening the strategic cooperation framework agreement. The first regional headquarters and local terminal of the Central Radio and Television General Station — — The Yangtze River Delta headquarters and Shanghai main station were unveiled in Shanghai at the same time.

　　Unveiling and signing ceremony site

　　According to the agreement, the two sides will carry out all-round and in-depth cooperation around major cultural projects, serving the Yangtze River Delta, copyright operation, ultra-high-definition industry, sports industry, film and television drama translation, and film and television technology.

　　At present, the Yangtze River Delta Headquarters, Shanghai Terminal and related projects are under construction in full swing. It is expected that in September this year, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader will send a letter to congratulate the 60th anniversary of the founding of CCTV and the birth of the new China TV industry, and the Yangtze River Delta Headquarters, Shanghai Terminal and related projects will be put into use.

　　What is the new home of Allah’s main station in Shanghai?

　　Ta da! Xiaobian takes you to see a wave first.

　　The Yangtze River Delta Headquarters, Shanghai Main Station and related projects are located in plots F1, L and M of the West Bank Media Port in the riverside area of Xuhui District, Shanghai, with a total of 8 buildings with a total construction area of about 265,000 ㎡.

　　A little far? Xiaobian takes you closer.

　　The project includes: about 155,000 ㎡ above ground and about 110,000 ㎡ underground, with three floors. Eight buildings can be connected to the ground and underground, with a total of about 1490 underground parking spaces.

　　Still a little far? Hold your breath,

　　Xiaobian takes you through the buildings one by one!

　　F1 building: 5A Grade A office building, with a building area of 84,821 ㎡ above ground and a height of 150m, with 31 floors above ground and underground connected with the subway, is the tallest building in the central axis of the West Bank Media Port.

　　L1 building: 5A Grade A office building, with a floor area of 40,767m2 and a height of 70m, with 13 floors above ground.

　　Buildings L2 and L3 are comprehensive exhibition and broadcasting centers, with a floor area of about 4,573 ㎡, a height of 47m and five floors above ground. L3 building has a floor area of about 4,987 ㎡, a height of 47m and five floors above ground.

　　The M1 building is an IMAX cinema, with a building area of 10018㎡ above ground and a height of 30m. There are 4 floors above ground and 9 projection halls, with a total of 1600 seats. One of them is an IMAX cinema with 400 seats.

　　M2 building is a 5A Grade A office building with a floor area of 13,360m2, a height of 40m and 7 floors above ground.

　　The M3 building is a 5A Grade A office building with a floor area of 14,336 ㎡, a height of 40m and 7 floors above ground.

　　Building M4 is a commercial building with a floor area of 4106㎡ above ground and a height of 24m, with three floors above ground.

　　The completed project looks like this.

　　And this one

　　I didn’t expect it,

　　Such a large-scale birth, surprise is not a surprise!

　　Knock on the blackboard and draw the key points! ! !

　　In order to better show the style of the Yangtze River Delta Headquarters, Shanghai Main Station and related projects, Xiaobian invites colleagues from the main station to give this Shanghai project of the main station under construction:

　　"Plots F1, L and M of West Bank Media Port in Xuhui District, Shanghai"

　　Give me a name!　

　　The requirements are simple:

　　01

　　With the local characteristics of "Allah".

　　02

　　Connotation, fashion, loud and easy to remember.

　　03

　　I think for myself and don’t infringe on the intellectual property rights of others.

　　Note: The ownership, modification and use right of the adopted name belong to the front desk.

　　Waiting for you to participate!

　　"Xie Xie!"

　　Here are the eggs! The three friends whose names have been praised the most, the Taiwan Youth League Committee — —

　　There are big prizes!

　　The information of our solicitation activities is as follows, so let’s run and tell each other!

　　one

　　Activity time: January 24th to February 4th, 2019.

　　two

　　Submission method:

　　1, direct background message (small series can see ~ ~)

　　2. Send the name, text description, real name and contact information to tuanwei@cctv. Com, please indicate "name-seeking activities" as the subject.

　　three

　　Selection: The reception desk will organize personnel to select the contributions, and the selection results will be published on the reception desk website, bulletin boards and other channels.

　　four

　　Contact: Taiwan Youth League Committee　　

　　Tel: 83069552

　　Email: tuanwei@cctv.com.

　　Beijing, Jan 23rd (Leng Haoyang) In 2018, Spring Festival travel rush’s "ticket grabbing war" is still hot. However, for the passengers who haven’t grabbed the train tickets, they can find another way to re-plan their Spring Festival reunion. At this time, while paying attention to the "missing" of the remaining tickets, such passengers can also skillfully use air-rail combined transport, continuous transfer, network hitchhiking, reverse family visits and other measures to "curve" reunion.

　　Data Map: On January 4th, Taiyuan Railway Station, Shanxi Province, passengers bought train tickets at the manual ticketing window. China News Service reporter Wei Liang photo

　　Always pay attention to the remaining tickets and prepare for "missing"

　　For passengers who haven’t grabbed their tickets, according to the introduction of the railway department, we can pay attention to several time points when there are more refunds.

　　First, 30 minutes after the ticket is sold, if a passenger fails to pay in time after successfully grabbing the ticket, these ticket sources will return to the ticket warehouse after 30 minutes;

　　Second, on the 15th day before driving, according to the relevant regulations on railway refund, refund fees are not charged for those who refund tickets more than 15 days before driving, and passengers with uncertain trips often choose this time node to apply for refund.

　　The third is one to two days before driving. At this time, passengers who occupy tickets can basically determine the itinerary, especially from 22: 00 to 23: 00, which is the peak time for passengers to refund their tickets;

　　Fourth, before driving, the system will release some of the remaining tickets, and passengers who have not grabbed the tickets can "catch up" at this time.

　　In addition, the reporter noticed that some trains temporarily stopped selling tickets due to map adjustment, and some temporary passenger trains were added by the railway department. Passengers who did not grab tickets can pay more attention to the ticketing time of such trains in order to grab tickets at the first time.

　　Clever use of air-rail combined transport can "curve home"

　　In Spring Festival travel rush, long-distance train tickets are generally "one ticket is hard to find". In this regard, passengers can re-plan the route, air-rail combined transport, and curve home.

　　Nowadays, many airlines and railway departments have launched air-rail combined transport, flying to cities near their destinations first, and then transferring to high-speed trains to go home, or taking a high-speed train first, and then transferring to planes to fly to their destinations.

　　As for the cost, compared with the railway and Spring Festival travel rush, there will be some situations in air transportation where the capacity of some routes is relatively sufficient and the discount is large. Choosing air-rail combined transport is not only easy to buy tickets but also affordable.

　　Taking Beijing to Ningbo as an example, the reporter’s inquiry showed that on February 14th (the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month), not only was it hard to get a train ticket, but it also cost more than 1,000 yuan to fly. If you fly to Shanghai first on February 14th, the cheapest air ticket is only 400 yuan, and then transfer to a high-speed train with a price of 100 yuan, the whole journey will only take you around 600 yuan, which not only reduces the difficulty of purchasing tickets, but also makes it more cost-effective.

　　Try "connecting and transferring" and buy more stops.

　　The recommendation of the "continuous transfer" scheme introduced by the railway department last year can also reduce the difficulty for passengers to purchase tickets. When passengers can’t buy through tickets, they can choose the "continuous transfer" function, and the ticketing system will show passengers the remaining tickets of some trains that transfer once on the way. If passengers choose to buy, they can complete the payment of tickets for two trips at one time.

　　The reporter inquired about the train ticket from Beijing to Lanzhou on February 14 at the 12306 client, and found that there were only 8 trains a day on this line, and there were no tickets left. The reporter also inquired about the tickets from Beijing to Xi ‘an on the same day, and found that among the 32 trains, some high-speed trains still have tickets available for purchase.

　　The reporter also inquired about the tickets from Xi ‘an to Lanzhou, and found that there were 76 trains on February 14th, and there were still many tickets left. If you transfer home in this way, it will make it easier for passengers to buy tickets.

　　In addition, passengers can also try to buy more stops. According to the principle of "ensuring long distance" of the railway department, passengers can try to buy a few stops backwards when purchasing tickets, and get off early, or try to buy tickets from the previous stops to increase the chances of buying their favorite tickets.

　　You can choose a long-distance "ride" and pay attention to safety.

　　In recent years, the rise of long-distance "hitchhiking" has also greatly facilitated passengers’ way home during the Spring Festival.

　　Zhang Peng works in Beijing and lives in Jiyuan, Henan. Zhang Peng said that although the distance is not far, there is no direct high-speed train, and there are only five trains a day, which takes about 10 hours. If you choose to take the high-speed train to Zhengzhou and then transfer, on the one hand, it is not easy to buy tickets, on the other hand, it is more troublesome.

　　Zhang Peng told the reporter of Zhongxin. com that he has been a frequent visitor to the long-distance ride. He used the ride to return home during the 11th holiday last year, and he still plans to take the ride this Spring Festival. Although the fare of more than 300 yuan is twice as high as 178 yuan for a hard sleeper, it is convenient and worry-free.

　　On the client side of a network car, just select the "cross-city" option in the "Ride" interface, then enter the departure time, departure place and destination to get a car, and you can also see the estimated price. From Fuchengmen, Beijing to Jiyuan Bus Station, the estimated cost is 341.8 yuan.

　　The safety of the network car has also been concerned. In this regard, the police reminded that when taking a car online, it is best to write down the license plate number before getting on the bus. It is best not to carpool with people you don’t know and share your position with relatives and friends at any time. In case of danger, you should keep calm and call the police in time.

　　"reverse visiting relatives" to realize another kind of reunion

　　Wang Bo, a native of Harbin, has worked in Beijing for three years. In the previous two years, he was a member of Spring Festival travel rush’s "ticket grabbing army", but he plans to invite his parents to Beijing for the New Year this year.

　　Wang Bo told the reporter of Zhongxin. com that going home every year is very "heart-tired". Tickets are too difficult to grab, and it is inevitable to visit relatives and friends when going home. It has become a luxury to take advantage of the Spring Festival holiday to have a good rest.

　　"My father has always wanted to come to the National Centre for the Performing Arts to watch a performance, just taking advantage of the Spring Festival to take his parents around Beijing. During the Spring Festival, there are fewer Beijingers, and a family of three can have a good year in Beijing quietly." Wang Bo said.

　　In this regard, the reporter inquired about the train ticket from Beijing to Harbin on February 14 and found that "one ticket is hard to find", and even the economy class of the plane is not much left. However, if there is a "reverse reunion", the ticket source from Harbin to Beijing is sufficient, and the minimum flight cost is only 200 yuan. (End)

　　On December 26th, the 24th meeting of the 13th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) deliberated and adopted the 11th Amendment to the Criminal Law (hereinafter referred to as the Amendment), which will be officially implemented on March 1st, 2021.

　　Looking at this amendment, it involves five major points of the capital market: 1. For fraudulent issuance, the amendment raises the maximum term of imprisonment from 5 years to 15 years, and changes the fine for individuals from 1%~5% of illegally raised funds to "concurrently fine", cancels the upper limit of 5%, and increases the fine for units from 1%~5% of illegally raised funds to 20%~1 times.

　　 2. For information disclosure fraud, the amendment will increase the maximum sentence of the relevant responsible personnel from 3 years to 10 years, and the fine amount will be changed from 20,000 yuan to 200,000 yuan to "fine concurrently", and the upper limit of 200,000 yuan will be cancelled.

　　 3. Strengthen the criminal accountability of "key minority". Incorporate the controlling shareholder and actual controller into the scope of criminal law regulation, such as organizing, instigating fraudulent issuance, making false information disclosure, and concealing relevant matters by controlling shareholder and actual controller, which leads to the disclosure of false information by the company.

　　 4. Compacting the "gatekeeper" responsibilities of intermediaries such as sponsors. The sponsor is regarded as the subject of the crime of providing false documents and the crime of issuing documents with great inaccuracy, and the criminal responsibility shall be investigated for this crime.

　　 5. With reference to the provisions of the new securities law, in view of the new manipulation situation in the market, it is further clear that criminal responsibility shall be investigated for new market manipulation behaviors such as "fraudulent transaction manipulation", "confusing transaction manipulation" and "hat grabbing manipulation".

　　The CSRC pointed out that this revision of the criminal law is another major legislative activity involving the capital market after the completion of the revision of the securities law, which shows the firm determination of the state to "zero tolerance" against securities and futures crimes, and has far-reaching significance for effectively raising the illegal cost of securities, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of investors, maintaining market order, promoting the reform of the registration system, and ensuring the stable and healthy development of the capital market.

　　Greatly improve the criminal punishment of securities and futures crimes.

　　 According to the CSRC, the revision of the criminal law adheres to the problem orientation, highlights key points, and aims at preventing and resolving financial risks, ensuring financial reform and maintaining financial order. It is compatible with the reform of the registration system with information disclosure as the core and is linked with the revision of the securities law, which greatly improves the criminal punishment for four types of securities and futures crimes, such as fraudulent issuance, false information disclosure, false certification documents provided by intermediaries and market manipulation. To create a standardized, transparent, open, dynamic and resilient capital,

　　Greatly increase the penalties for crimes such as fraudulent issuance and information disclosure fraud.Illegal and criminal acts such as fraudulent issuance and information disclosure fraud are the "cancer" of the capital market, and the amendment has greatly strengthened the criminal crackdown on the above crimes. For fraudulent issuance, the amendment will raise the upper limit of imprisonment from 5 years to 15 years, and modify the fine for individuals from 1%~5% of illegally raised funds to "concurrently fine", cancel the upper limit of 5%, and increase the fine for units from 1%~5% of illegally raised funds to 20%~1 times. For information disclosure fraud, the amendment will increase the maximum sentence of the relevant responsible personnel from 3 years to 10 years, and the fine amount will be changed from 20,000 yuan to 200,000 yuan to "combined fine", and the upper limit of 200,000 yuan will be cancelled.

　　Strengthen the investigation of criminal responsibility of "key minorities" such as controlling shareholders and actual controllers.In practice, controlling shareholders and actual controllers often play an important role in cases such as fraudulent issuance and information disclosure fraud. The amendment strengthens the accountability of such subjects, and clearly includes the behaviors of controlling shareholders and actual controllers, such as organizing and instigating fraudulent issuance, making false information disclosure, and concealing relevant matters by controlling shareholders and actual controllers, which leads to the disclosure of false information by the company, into the scope of criminal law regulation.

　　Compacting the "gatekeeper" duties of intermediaries such as sponsors.Intermediaries such as sponsors are the "gatekeepers" of the capital market, and their diligence is very important for the healthy development of the capital market. The amendment clearly regards the sponsor as the subject of the crime of providing false documents and the crime of issuing documents that are grossly inaccurate, and applies this crime to investigate criminal responsibility. At the same time, for lawyers, accountants and other intermediaries who produce false documents in securities issuance and major asset trading activities, if the circumstances are particularly serious, a higher sentence is clearly applicable, and the maximum sentence can be 10 years in prison.

　　Maintain effective connection with the revision of the securities law.On the one hand, depository receipts and other securities legally recognized in the State Council are included in the scope of regulation of fraudulent issuance crimes, providing sufficient legal basis for cracking down on fraudulent issuance of depository receipts and other securities in the future; On the other hand, with reference to the provisions of the new securities law, in view of the new manipulation situation in the market, it is further clear that criminal responsibility should be investigated for new market manipulation behaviors such as "fraudulent transaction manipulation", "confusing transaction manipulation" and "hat-grabbing manipulation".

　　We will speed up the revision and improvement of criminal filing and prosecution standards.

　　Regarding the follow-up work of the amendment, the CSRC indicated that in the next step, it will take the opportunity of earnestly implementing Amendment 11 of the Criminal Law as an opportunity to accelerate the revision and improvement of the standards for criminal filing and prosecution, strengthen the publicity and education on the content of Amendment 11 of the Criminal Law, continuously deepen the cooperation with the judicial organs, adhere to the "zero tolerance" to crack down on various securities and futures crimes such as fraudulent issuance and information disclosure, effectively raise illegal costs, effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors, and fully guarantee them.

　

　　Source: Issued by China Securities Regulatory Commission, Securities Times Network

　　Press conference site

　　CCTV News:On October 13th, the State Council held a press conference on import and export in the first three quarters. In response to a reporter’s question, Li Kuiwen, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs and director of the Statistics and Analysis Department, introduced that the Customs resolutely implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, concentrated on "six stables" and "six guarantees", made overall plans to prevent and control the epidemic situation at ports and promote the steady growth of foreign trade, further proposed 56 measures to stabilize foreign trade and foreign investment, and continuously improved the level of customs clearance facilitation.

　　First, reform and innovation promote trade facilitation.We will comprehensively promote facilitation measures such as "two-step declaration", "declare in advance", "green channel" and exemption from on-site inspection to improve customs clearance efficiency. In September, the overall customs clearance time for imports and exports in China was 35.02 hours and 1.86 hours respectively, which was 64.04% and 84.87% lower than that in 2017, both of which have decreased for five consecutive months.

　　The second is to find ways to reduce the cost of enterprises.By reducing and exempting the import delay payment, late payment fee and the interest of deferred tax on domestic sales of processing trade goods, the company has reduced and saved nearly 200 million yuan. Especially among the import and export enterprises that use tariff guarantee insurance, SMEs account for about 70%.

　　The third is to accelerate the pilot to promote the development of new formats.Comprehensively promote the regulatory measures for the return of cross-border e-commerce export commodities, and carry out pilot projects for cross-border e-commerce enterprises to export to enterprises. Encourage the central and western regions, the northeast and other places to carry out market procurement trade pilot. In the first three quarters, the import and export through the customs cross-border e-commerce management platform was 187.39 billion yuan, up 52.8%, and the market procurement export was 509.86 billion yuan, up 35.5%.

　　The fourth is to take multiple measures to promote the creation of a new highland for opening up.Vigorously support the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port and Yangshan Comprehensive Bonded Zone, intensify the innovation and replication of customs supervision system in the Pilot Free Trade Zone, and promote the full implementation of global maintenance and remanufacturing business in the comprehensive bonded zone. In the first three quarters, the import and export of the national comprehensive bonded zone was 2.34 trillion yuan, an increase of 15.1%, 14.4 percentage points higher than the growth rate of foreign trade.

　　The fifth is to fully guarantee the import of key products.We will continue to expand the scope of importing countries and commodities, newly approve 5,965 foreign registered enterprises, and increase the import security of important agricultural products and foods such as meat, grain, aquatic products and fruits. In the first three quarters, meat and grain were imported 162.65 billion yuan and 253.36 billion yuan respectively, up by 87.3% and 20.7% respectively.

　　In the next step, the national customs will deepen reform and innovation, do a good job in the work of "six stabilities" and "six guarantees", fully promote the implementation of 56 measures to further stabilize foreign trade and foreign investment, promote the stable development and quality improvement of foreign trade, and make positive contributions to promoting the formation of a new development pattern.

　　According to The New York Times’s report on July 13th, SAG-AFTRA announced that it had failed to reach a new agreement with AMPTP, which represents the interests of film and television production companies, and decided to strike.

　　Earlier, the American Writers’ Union (WGA) began a strike on May 2. SAG-AFTRA will soon join their camp, which is also after 1960, when actors and screenwriters went on strike again. During the strike, the actors’ union will stop all script, film and TV production under AMPTP.

　　Last month, members of the Actors’ Union voted overwhelmingly by 98%, authorizing the union management to go on strike if no agreement can be reached in the negotiations, and at the same time authorizing the union leaders to "stick it out" in the negotiations with the management.

　　In the latest statement, the Actors’ Union said: "SAG-AFTRA is eager to reach an agreement that fully meets the needs of performers, and the producer’s response to the most important proposal of the Actors’ Union is to insult and disrespect our contribution to this industry. These companies refuse to make meaningful contacts on some topics, while others completely hinder us. "

　　The union also said that after more than four weeks of negotiations, AMPTP is still unwilling to provide a fair deal on key issues that are crucial to the members of the Actors Union. "

　　AMPTP represents Amazon, Apple, Disney, Comcast’s NBC Universal, Netflix, Paramount Universal, Sony and Warner Bros. Discovery and other major film companies and streaming media companies.

　　It is reported that the demands of the actors’ union include "economic fairness, late dividends, standardizing the use of AI, and alleviating the burden of self-recorded audition fees in the whole industry".

　　The core issue is salary and the use of artificial intelligence.

　　The actors’ union believes that the remuneration of actors has "seriously shrunk" in recent years. Under the old system, if a TV series is a great success, actors can expect that there will be a large amount of checks left in their bank accounts in the next few years. Actors believe that in the era of streaming media, cakes become smaller and checks become smaller.

　　"Fundamentally, we are interested in ensuring that our members share the success of the projects they create." Duncan Crabtree-Ireland, the chief negotiator of the trade union, pointed out.

　　Actors are also very concerned about artificial intelligence and how to use this technology to replicate their previous performances without paying or consulting them.

　　The strike of the actors’ union means that almost all American TV dramas and movies being filmed will stop shooting. During the strike, hundreds of thousands of actors who joined the trade union were not allowed to shoot any films and TV works, and could not attend any press conference or film premiere.

　　21st century business herald reporter Ji Yuanyuan reports from Shanghai Recently, Yixinhe Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Yixinhe Medicine") developed and produced, and (1) Shakuba Quvalsartan Sodium Tablets (brand name: Yixintan) which was exclusively commercialized was approved by National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). Yixintan is the first generic drug of shakubatravalsartan sodium tablets approved for marketing in the global regulatory market by breaking through the original research patent through innovative crystal forms. The approved indications of this product are for treating essential hypertension and adult patients with chronic heart failure (NYHA II-IV grade, LVEF≤40%) with reduced ejection fraction, so as to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure.

　　Immediately afterwards, Unacon also announced that its subsidiary company Shiyao Ouyi developed Shakubatrivalsartan sodium tablets (50mg, 100mg, 200mg) which have obtained the drug registration approval issued by National Medical Products Administration, and regarded them as the adult patients with chronic heart failure (NYHA II-IV grade, LVEF≤40%) with reduced ejection fraction, which reduced the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure.

　　With the approval of domestic shakubatravalsartan sodium tablets, Novartis, the original drug manufacturer, also released information at the first time, saying that the marketing license for the generic drug of Novartis’ original research product shakubatravalsartan sodium tablets was approved, and Novartis declared that the pharmaceutical active ingredient of the original research product Noxintuo was protected by patents ZL200680001733.0 and ZL201210191052.2 in China.

　　According to the relevant provisions of Article 11 of China’s Patent Law, any enterprise or individual shall not manufacture, use, promise to sell (including applying for online registration, participating in bidding, etc.), sell or import products falling within the scope of the above patent protection before the expiration of the above patent period, otherwise it will constitute patent infringement. To this end, Novartis emphasizes that it will reserve the right to claim its patent right against infringing imitations from relevant judicial and/or administrative organs.

　　Regarding the patent issue, according to the public information, in April 2017, the patent of Shakubatroxobin Sodium Tablets registered by Novartis was declared invalid in China. On July 2, 2021, the crystal patent was also partially invalidated in China. Yixin and Medicine also emphasized in the official disclosure information that in 2022, the domestic sales of Shakuba Quvalsartan sodium tablets totaled nearly 3 billion yuan, and its China patent will expire in November 2026. Yixintan is a first-line drug for the treatment of heart failure and hypertension with independent intellectual property rights, which can legally make the majority of patients with heart failure and hypertension in China use equivalent and affordable innovative drugs three years in advance.

　　It can also be seen that the domestic Shakubatroxobin Valsartan sodium tablets have been approved one after another, which will bring certain market challenges to the original drug.

　　More than 10 pharmaceutical companies compete for the market

　　Shakubatroxobin and valsartan sodium tablets are a new type of eutectic drug composed of enkephalinase inhibitors Shakubatroxobin and angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan sodium tablets in a molar ratio of 1:1. Eutectic structure can make the absorption and elimination rates of shakubarb and valsartan sodium tablets similar, and ensure the synchronous consistency of their efficacy. In addition, compared with independent preparations, eutectic drugs have the advantages of constant composition ratio, good storage stability, and can significantly improve drug solubility and oral bioavailability.

　　As a representative drug of ARNi, Shakubatroxobin sodium tablets have been unanimously recommended by domestic and foreign guidelines in recent years. In 2021, the American Heart Association proposed that ARNi drugs should be given priority to patients with HErEF, and it is recommended to use them to the maximum tolerated dose or target dose (Class I). In 2018, China Heart Failure and Treatment Guidelines also recommended to replace ACEI/ARB with ARNi to further reduce the incidence and mortality of heart failure (Class I).

　　Sakubatravalsartan sodium was originally researched by Novartis Entresto, and was first approved by the FDA in July 2015. It is the world’s first breakthrough and innovative drug in the field of heart failure treatment, and was approved to enter the domestic market for the first time in July 2017. It was included in the national medical insurance category B catalogue through negotiation in 2019, successfully renewed in 2021, and added indications for essential hypertension. In 2021, the global sales of the original research sand kubatroxobin sodium reached US$ 3.548 billion. In 2022, its global sales scale reached US$ 4.644 billion, up 37% year-on-year. In the first half of 2023, the drug also grew into the best-selling drug of Novartis, with sales reaching US$ 2.915 billion, up 31% year-on-year, and it is expected to exceed US$ 6 billion in the whole year.

　　In the China market, the original yanshakubatravalsartan sodium is also a heavy variety. According to the data of the Minenet, the sales growth rate of this product in China’s three major terminals and six major markets has reached triple digits in recent years. In 2021, it exceeded 2 billion yuan for the first time, up 127.62% year-on-year, with full market potential; In 2022, the sales of Shakubatroxobin Sodium Tablets in China’s three major terminals and six major markets exceeded 2 billion yuan. Among them, the hospital market (public hospital terminal+public primary medical terminal) is the main sales channel, with a year-on-year increase of 6.54%.

　　In this regard, some brokerage analysts told 21st century business herald that the innovative product layout must be aimed at chronic diseases, major diseases, diseases that pose a major threat to people’s health, such as cardiovascular diseases, tumors and major infectious diseases. At the same time, the core of making medicine is clinical value. With the rapid development of life science, many interdisciplinary fields are very active, and the large-scale treatment methods focusing on large populations are worthy of attention.

　　"The successive approval of domestic shakubatravalsartan sodium tablets is a great benefit for cardiovascular patients, although the layout of many domestic pharmaceutical companies is already in the clinical stage, except for the single-minded and pharmaceutical/Fosun Pharma, Shiyan Ouyi, including Sichuan Kelun, Chengdu Beite, Qilu Pharmaceutical, Zhengda Tianqing, etc. are also accelerating the layout. This is due to the accelerated layout of many domestic pharmaceutical companies, and the prices of related products are expected to be further lowered, eventually benefiting more patients. " The above analyst said.

　　According to the data of Minenet, at present, there are three companies that have production approval documents for Shakuba Quvalsartan Sodium Tablets. Among them, Unacon Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Nanjing Yixin and Medical Science and Technology Co., Ltd. were all approved on the same day with four types of imitation, which are regarded as over-evaluation, and tied for the first imitation and the first over-evaluation. In addition, 17 enterprises, including Shandong New Times Pharmaceutical, Nanjing Zhengda Tianqing Pharmaceutical and Qilu Pharmaceutical (Hainan), all reported their production under the new classification.

　　An unavoidable patent dispute

　　The competitive anxiety between Chinese and foreign pharmaceutical companies in Shakuba Quvalsartan sodium tablets is also considered to be an important reason for patent confrontation. At the same time, in recent years, patent disputes between original drugs and generic drugs have occurred from time to time. 21st century business herald reporter found through the search of Wisdom Bud database that as of the latest, there are more than 700 drug patents with litigation results in China, and more than 99% of them are invention patents. It can be seen that the handling of drug patent disputes needs urgent attention.

　　Yixinhe Medicine also emphasized in the official information disclosure that Yixintan is a first-line drug for the treatment of heart failure and hypertension with independent intellectual property rights. Compared with the reference crystal form, when the relative humidity changes from 20% to 60%, it absorbs less water and is more stable, and can be sealed and stored below 30℃. This stable crystal form is more suitable for the vast China market.

　　When talking about patents, some pharmaceutical executives also told 21st century business herald that the research and development of original innovative drugs has always been a "three high" industry with high threshold, high risk and high return. According to the latest literature, it takes an average of 12.5 years for a new drug to go on the market, which costs nearly $2.6 billion, and the success rate is less than 10%. Every new drug project is the most important decision of an enterprise, and the project process needs a lot of data research, especially the research on patents, documents and regulations takes a lot of time.

　　"Therefore, how to find a balance between ensuring the innovation enthusiasm of the original drug research enterprises and reducing the burden on patients has been hotly debated. The FDA’s definition of generic drugs is very strict, and the requirements must be consistent with the dosage form, specifications and administration route of the copied products. If it is inconsistent, it will be declared as a new drug. " The above-mentioned pharmaceutical company executives said that for the long-term public interest, the state needs to protect the enthusiasm of the original drug research and development enterprises. At the same time, in order to limit the original drug research and development enterprises, it is necessary to encourage the imitation research and development of the original drug from the level of institutional norms and ensure the interests of generic drug enterprises.

　　In order to better balance the interests of the original research drug and generic drug companies with the system, the new Patent Law, which came into effect on June 1, 2021, established the drug patent linking system in China, aiming at linking the two legal procedures, so as to clarify the interest relationship between the original research drug manufacturers and generic drug manufacturers and avoid the problem of patent punishment when the generic drug research and development is completed.

　　As for how enterprises can avoid patent risks, Hou Xuchao, the founding partner of CIC Consulting, also told 21st century business herald that from the perspective of investment and financing, pharmaceutical companies have five key parameters when choosing product pipelines, including the success rate of products under research, patient base, product penetration rate, product pricing and patent life. With the improvement of pharmaceutical companies’ R&D strength, patent life needs more and more attention.

　　"For the patent situation of unlisted drugs, investors need to hire professional IP lawyers to conduct detailed investigations. Because patent conflicts will directly make it difficult for candidate drugs to be marketed, and even directly affect the product value measured by all the above parameters, it is an essential step for patent investigation. " Hou xuchao said.

　　There is a huge crowd in the chronic disease market behind Shakuba Quvalsartan sodium tablets. In terms of hypertension alone, China, as a big country with hypertension, has 245 million adult hypertensive patients, which means that Shakuba Quvalsartan sodium tablets have a broad market space and are an important direction for the future development of drugs. I believe many domestic and foreign manufacturers will make layouts and list related products one after another.

　　However, it should also be noted that after the appearance of the first imitation drug, the clinical data, approval time and product price of the follow-up drugs and enterprises will all be factors affecting the competition pattern, especially the clinical effectiveness and safety, which will be the key to decide who can go further in this track.