China Characteristics of Chinese Modernization and Its Cultural Implication
A history of human development is a history of civilization from "the kingdom of necessity" to "the kingdom of freedom". General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the forum on cultural inheritance and development: "Chinese-style modernization gives Chinese civilization modern strength, and Chinese civilization gives Chinese-style modernization a profound foundation." Chinese civilization has outstanding characteristics such as continuity, innovation, unity, inclusiveness and peace, and there is a high degree of correspondence between Marxism and Chinese excellent traditional culture. The result of "combination" is mutual achievement, creating an organic and unified new cultural life, and making the new culture formed through "combination" become a Chinese-style modern cultural form. Chinese-style modernization contains a unique concept of civilization, has distinctive China characteristics, is rooted in the profound fertile soil of Chinese civilization, is based on the heavy cornerstone of socialist civilization, and is based on Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great practice, which reconstructs the civilization prospect of world modernization, provides inexhaustible spiritual support and innovative kinetic energy for creating a new culture belonging to our era, building a modern civilization of the Chinese nation, and comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization, and contributes valuable China wisdom and Chinese strength to the development of world modernization theory and practice.
one
As the basic national conditions of China and an important feature of Chinese modernization, "huge population" not only embodies the realistic logic of Chinese modernization, but also internally stipulates the essential attributes of Chinese modernization. The huge population and complex structure objectively show that the situation and tasks facing China’s overall modernization are extremely arduous and complicated. We must be prepared to deal with all kinds of difficulties, and strive for progress steadily, step by step and continuously. Marxism holds that man is the subject of social practice and the producer, creator and promoter of modernization and human civilization. In ancient China, there has always been the people-oriented thought and fine tradition of "valuing the people", "loving the people", "being close to the people" and "caring for the people". The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "the people are the main force of historical development and social progress" and "the people’s yearning for a better life is the goal of struggle, and relying on the people to create great historical achievements". Chinese-style modernization insists on taking the people as the center, taking meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose, and always regards the people as the subject of creation, acquisition and sharing in building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. "Realistic people" and their social practice activities are the premise of the existence and development of social history.China’s population of more than 1.4 billion constitutes the most solid foundation and the deepest force to promote modernization. Therefore, "huge population" is an advantage and potential dialectically, and it is a majestic force to promote the modernization process. On the new journey, how to turn the potential advantage of "huge population" into realistic kinetic energy is an important problem that needs to be solved when the Communist Party of China (CPC) leads Chinese modernization. Marxist mass viewpoint and mass line provide us with important methodological guidance. The people are both the subject of practice and the subject of value of Chinese modernization. To promote Chinese modernization, we must adhere to the people’s dominant position, give full play to the people’s dominant role, fully embody the people’s will, and safeguard the people’s rights and interests. Specifically, it is necessary to adhere to the people-centered development thought, give full play to the advantages of "huge population", unite the majestic power of the people’s unity and struggle, and form a good atmosphere for joint construction and sharing.
two
From the course of the development of human civilization, modernization has common characteristics, but different countries and nations are quite different in the specific ways and objectives of realizing modernization. Western-style modernization belongs to capitalist modernization in essence, and its value goal, dynamic mechanism and specific strategy are all subject to capital and serve the best interests of a few property owners. The polarization of social class structure, polarization between the rich and the poor and political tearing have become the inevitable results of western modernization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed, "Chinese modernization has broken ‘ Modernization = Westernization ’ The myth of ". China has long held the idea of "the world is equal" and advocated the establishment of a universally prosperous "Great Harmony Society", which provided important traditional cultural resources for the contemporary theory of common prosperity. Chinese-style modernization adheres to the concept of people first and the direction of socialist modernization, and its ultimate goal is to realize people’s free and all-round development, which highlights the essential requirement of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s "common prosperity", embodies the superiority of the socialist system, and fundamentally overcomes the internal contradictions of western capitalist modernization. From the perspective of practice subject and value subject, the common prosperity of all people is not the development and prosperity of a few people, some people, some regions or groups, but "no one can be less", which is the most vivid proof of people-centered;From the practical point of view, common prosperity is not simultaneous, synchronous, uniform and egalitarian, but a gradual and dynamic development process based on overall efficiency and fairness. From the practical results, the common prosperity of all people means that the whole people share the fruits of modernization in an all-round and all-round way. In the final analysis, it is to realize the all-round development of people and the all-round progress of society. The common prosperity of all people requires not only solving the problem of wealth creation and distribution, but also bringing all people into the system of wealth creation and civilization sharing equally, reflecting a modern concept of civilization.
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The essence of modernization is human modernization. Marxism holds that man, as a kind of conscious quasi-existence, is the unity of natural existence and social existence, material existence and spiritual existence. "Man’s free and all-round development" requires individuals to "possess their own all-round essence", that is, man’s naturalness and sociality, materiality and spirituality are highly unified. Marx’s universal law on the development of human society generally reveals the trend and trend of human modernization and provides scientific guidance for Chinese modernization. Chinese civilization has always attached importance to people’s spiritual life, not only pursuing ample food and clothing to enrich Qiang Bing, but also attaching importance to personal dignity and inner cultivation, and emphasizing "knowing etiquette in granary, knowing honor and disgrace in food and clothing". As a form of socialist modernization, Chinese-style modernization inevitably requires people to gradually realize their freedom essence through labor, so as to achieve the coordination and unity of material and spiritual needs, natural and social needs. Material wealth and spiritual wealth are the fundamental requirements of socialist modernization. "People are essentially cultural people, not ‘ Materialization ’ People’s yearning for a better life is not only the pursuit of material things, but also the pursuit of happiness index, interpersonal relationship, spiritual life and other higher levels and the understanding of the meaning of life. Chinese-style modernization requires promoting Socialism with Chinese characteristics as a whole.On the basis of the overall layout of "Five in One", we should correctly handle the relationship between material civilization construction and spiritual civilization construction from a dialectical, comprehensive, systematic and coordinated point of view, promote the coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization, constantly enrich people’s material world and spiritual world with highly abundant material wealth and spiritual wealth, overcome the disadvantages of the one-dimensional development of western modernizers, promote the all-round enrichment of things and the all-round development of people, and show the world a brand-new look of socialist modernization.
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From the ideological source, the modernization of "harmonious coexistence between man and nature" is rooted in China’s excellent traditional ecological culture, and inherits and develops philosophical ideas such as "harmony between man and nature" and "Taoism and nature". It also inherits and develops the Marxist view that nature is man’s inorganic body, overcomes the traditional thinking limitation of "dichotomy between subject and object" and "binary opposition" in the West, and walks out of a civilized harmony different from the western modernization model at the expense of plundering and destroying nature. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that nature is the mother of life, and man and nature are the community of life. To promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, the premise is to deal with the relationship between good people, nature and society. From the perspective of historical materialism, man, as an organic part of nature, "belongs to and exists in nature". At the same time, man is a kind of existence with subjectivity, initiative and creativity. The essence of man lies in his sociality, that is, he realizes his free and all-round development and social civilization progress through social practice. Therefore, man, nature and society are a kind of "trinity" interactive remodeling relationship. The modernization of "harmonious coexistence between man and nature" is a profound grasp of "man — Nature — On the basis of social harmony,From the height of the sustainable development of human civilization, a new form of harmonious and symbiotic civilization has been constructed, and a "golden key" to solve the problem of alienation between man and nature has been found, which provides a brand-new scheme for human modernization and contributes valuable wisdom to the development of human civilization. In the new journey, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of giving priority to conservation, giving priority to protection and giving priority to natural restoration, maintaining ecological justice and advocating ecological ethics, promoting the realization of higher quality, higher level, fairer and more sustainable development, and meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life and a beautiful ecological environment, so as to surpass the development model of traditional industrial civilization, that is, pollution first and then treatment, and build a life community in which man and nature coexist harmoniously.
five
Taking the road of peaceful development is the correct conclusion drawn by the Communist Party of China (CPC) from the objective judgment of history, reality and future, and it is the organic unity of ideological self-confidence and practical consciousness. In the development of civilization for more than 5,000 years, the Chinese nation has been pursuing and inheriting the firm concept of peace, harmony and harmony. Loving peace and pursuing harmony is the consistent cultural character of Chinese civilization. Kindness, good neighborliness and harmony constitute the cultural background of the Chinese nation’s foreign exchanges. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has always been concerned about the future and destiny of mankind from the perspective of the world, and correctly understood and handled the relationship with the outside world from the general trend of human development, the general pattern of world changes and the great history of China’s development, so as to seek happiness for the people of China, rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, progress for mankind and harmony for the world. China not only emphasizes independence and self-reliance, but also pays attention to opening to the outside world and win-win cooperation. He firmly stands on the side of human civilization and progress, vigorously advocates the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and formally writes "taking the road of peaceful development" into party constitution and the Constitution, opening up a brand-new road from peace to modernization. Taking the road of peaceful development, as an important feature of Chinese modernization, comes from the ideological tradition of Chinese civilization’s kindness to neighbors and harmony with all nations, and is based on the equal exchange and dialogue between Chinese civilization and world civilization. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly advocated to carry forward the common values of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom of all mankind, establish a civilized concept of "equality, mutual learning, dialogue and tolerance" and promote the building of a community of human destiny.In the process of promoting its own development, China is also actively fulfilling its international obligations, providing new opportunities for the world with the new development of China, embarking on a modern road of peaceful development with China characteristics and leading the healthy development of human civilization.
Chinese-style modernization has broken through the limitations of western capitalist civilization, is a powerful response to such erroneous views as "the superiority of civilization", "the conflict of civilization" and "the hegemony of civilization", enriches human’s understanding of the regularity of civilization development, and is a major innovation in the theory and practice of world modernization. Chinese-style modernization, based on the dimension of civilization communication of historical materialism and the logic of human civilization progress, has injected strong vitality and vigor into the process of world modernization with its unique world vision and broad civilization power.
(Author: Han Meiqun, a researcher at China Geo University Sub-center, Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theoretical System Research Center, Hubei Province)