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　　In Kaifeng City, Henan Province, the "Jiao Tong" planted by Comrade Jiao Yulu and a piece of paulownia forest are full of flowers.

　　Information picture

　　Criticism and self-criticism are the fine traditions of our party, and they are effective weapons to enhance the fighting capacity of party organizations and safeguard the unity and unity of the party. Stepping into a new journey and forging ahead in a new era, how to make this fine tradition play a better role? We interviewed some cadres, experts and scholars in party member.

　　Effective ways to seriously inner-party political life

　　"A lot of work has been rolled out, but it is not enough to do fine work, and the leading role has not been highlighted." "Although it has developed rapidly in recent years, Lankao is not ranked high compared with the high-quality economic and social development of other counties and districts in the province" … … It’s chilly outside the window and spicy inside.

　　On January 28th, lankao county held the annual democratic life meeting of the Standing Committee of the county party committee. At the beginning of the meeting, Li Mingjun, secretary of the county party Committee, came straight to the point: "I hope that everyone will continue to carry forward the fine traditions at this democratic life meeting, so that they will blush and sweat and detoxify." At the meeting, 11 members of the Standing Committee of the county party committee found their own problems and made criticisms to each other.

　　Criticism and self-criticism are powerful weapons to keep the party healthy. At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, party organizations at all levels throughout the country held extensive democratic life meetings to seriously carry out criticism and self-criticism.

　　"Criticism and self-criticism are the fine traditions of our party. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, especially since the implementation of the party’s mass line education and practice activities, we have resumed and carried forward the fine traditions of criticism and self-criticism and explored effective ways of serious inner-party political life under the new situation." Dai Yanjun, a professor at the Central Party School (National School of Administration), said.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized the need to "carry out criticism and self-criticism in the spirit of rectification" at the party’s work conference on mass line education and practice activities. Leading cadres at all levels in party member boldly used powerful weapons of criticism and self-criticism, dared to expose shortcomings and expose ugliness, and went through profound ideological and political baptism.

　　"Keeping the spirit of Jiao Yulu for 50 years, why has Lankao’s poverty and backwardness not fundamentally changed?" Wang Xinjun, then secretary of Lankao County Party Committee, still clearly remembers that on May 9, 2014, at the special democratic life meeting in the second batch of the party’s mass line education practice activities, he frankly raised the problems that had been pressing in his heart for many years.

　　At that democratic life meeting, the spicy taste was always pervasive, and confrontation occurred from time to time. "Lack of responsibility, muddle along, how can you be worthy of the 830,000 people in Lankao?" "Why are you dissatisfied and lost? Because I think more about myself "… … These words of real swords and guns have made people present unforgettable so far. "I didn’t want to talk about many words before, and I didn’t dare to talk about them. Everyone spoke them at the meeting, just like taking a bath and rubbing off the mud, which made people feel refreshed and relaxed."

　　"The democratic life meeting played a very good exemplary role. Sweating on the red face has become the norm, and it is becoming more and more conscious. " Li Mingjun introduced that Lankao has formed a set of standards for a democratic life meeting, which has been refined into 10 requirements. Every level and every link of the flow chart has been refined, reduced and implemented.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, especially after the experience of the Party’s mass line education and practice activities, the special education of "three strictness and three realities", the study and education of "two studies and one doing" and the theme education of "Do not forget your initiative mind, bearing in mind the mission", party organizations at all levels have strictly implemented the system of democratic life meetings and organized life meetings, and earnestly carried out criticism and self-criticism.

　　Criticism is not an end, but to make the work better.

　　To carry forward the fine tradition of criticism and self-criticism well requires courage and party spirit, as well as a correct attitude and method, in order to achieve the effect of sweating and cheering.

　　On March 24th, in Dongzhuang Village, Zhenxing Street, xiaoyi city, Shanxi Province, 16 wireless loudspeakers were broadcasting the organizational life meeting of the village party branch. "The development of young party member is slow, and the vitality of the branch is not high." "Lao Wu believes that his cultural level is low and he does not study as required" … … The "criticism and self-criticism" link is particularly popular among villagers.

　　"Over the years, the village has held monthly organizational life meetings and broadcast them. Mutual criticism is a bit unkind. At first, everyone just listened to the excitement, and later they paid special attention to it. Which village cadre and party member worked hard and which one didn’t work hard, it was clear. " Party member Wu Shiqing said.

　　Guo Jianmin, who has been the village party secretary for 28 years, has felt the change: "In the past, mutual criticism was not very serious, and most of them were just scratching their boots for fear of offending people, and they were also afraid that their future work would bring emotions and affect unity." Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the political life within the Party has become stricter and more standardized. The Party branch of Dongzhuang Village decided to hold a regular organizational life meeting on the 24th of each month, and the second link was "criticism and self-criticism".

　　How to make criticism and self-criticism "spicy", Guo Jianmin has a good understanding: "Take yourself first ‘ Operation ’ , dispel everyone’s ideological concerns. "

　　"I live in the village, but I meet more people in the office, visit fewer households, pay more attention to deployment, and pay less attention to implementation … …” The secretary of the branch took the lead, and dozens of party member in the village also put it straight, giving real advice and opinions.

　　Wu Shifeng, a member of the village organization Committee, remembers that at an organizational life meeting, he took the initiative to ask Secretary Guo: "Rural areas and government agencies are different. Usually, party member is busy with each other, and party member has to innovate ideas in management education!"

　　Guo Jianmin carefully recorded his opinions. Soon, the village party branch implemented the system of setting posts and assigning responsibilities in party member, and set up 20 posts in five categories: grass-roots party building, economic development, village supervision, maintaining stability and spiritual civilization, and arranged them according to party member’s abilities, specialties and wishes. Wu Shiqing, party member, served as the village collective economic project supervisor, Guo Peide, party member, an employment assistance post, helped 20 villagers to find jobs, and Zhang Shouzhi, the party style and party discipline supervisor, insisted on principles and spoke frankly about village affairs … …

　　Everyone quickly reached a consensus that criticism and self-criticism must be real and real, and adhere to the principle of "unity — Criticism — Unity ","criticism is not an end, but to make the work better. " Guo Jianmin said.

　　The "Several Guidelines on Political Life within the Party under the New Situation" points out that criticism and self-criticism are sharp weapons for our Party to strengthen the body and cure diseases and maintain physical health, and are also important means to strengthen and standardize political life within the Party. The practice of Dongzhuang Village shows the power of criticism and self-criticism. Pick up this weapon and make good use of it, so that every party organization can become a fighting bastion to stir up turmoil and clear up the atmosphere, and every party member can become a combatant to help the healthy and eliminate evil spirits.

　　According to the statistics of the Party of the Organization Department of the Central Committee in 2020, in 2019, 3,201 leading bodies of local party committees held democratic life meetings, and 4.007 million party branches held special meetings to organize democratic comments on party member.

　　Let the weapons of criticism and self-criticism be more effective and effective.

　　"In terms of carrying out criticism and self-criticism, there are many institutional provisions in our party, such as the democratic life meeting system, the organizational life meeting system, the party member heart-to-heart talk system, the democratic appraisal of party member system, and the party member party spirit regular analysis system." Dai Yanjun said that criticism and self-criticism should be carried out regularly in various forms, so as to make this weapon more clever and effective.

　　These days, the two runways of Ezhou Huahu Airport, China’s first professional freight hub airport under construction in Ezhou City, Hubei Province, have gradually emerged, stretching to the sky like Changhong.

　　"The task of airport demolition is very heavy, involving nearly 20,000 people and more than 1.3 million square meters in three townships." He Wen, member of the Standing Committee of Ezhou Municipal Committee and Minister of Organization Department, still remembers, "The task is heavy, and a few party member cadres have some contradictions with the masses in order to catch up with the progress."

　　In view of the problems of cadres’ work style, Ezhou City started a heart-to-heart talk. "The masses don’t understand and support the demolition work, mainly because we and the masses ‘ Intimate ’ There is not enough communication and they have not put themselves in their shoes to solve their concerns. ""There are problems such as simplicity and rudeness in the work, so we should do the work solidly and well "… …

　　"In the process of airport demolition, there were more than 1,200 heart-to-heart talks." He Wen said that through heart-to-heart talks, party member cadres’ sense of purpose has been continuously strengthened, their working methods have been continuously improved, and all work has been smoothly advanced.

　　Since 2017, Ezhou has not only held democratic life meetings and organized life meetings in a normal way, but also conducted extensive heart-to-heart talks with all cadres in party member, integrating criticism and self-criticism into daily life, and timely correcting the ideological style problems of cadres in party member.

　　"If I hadn’t organized a timely interview reminder, I might not have realized the seriousness of the problem. This alarm bell is just the right time." Due to the irregular use of funds management, the person in charge of a department in Ezhou City, Hubei Province suddenly woke up after being interviewed.

　　"When party member cadres have tendentiousness and incipient problems, someone ‘ Pull the sleeves ’ And make a reminder, it is possible to stop these problems in the bud. " He Wen introduced that up to now, Ezhou has reminded more than 400 people to talk and talked more than 7,000 times a day on average.

　　"The weapon of criticism and self-criticism should be used boldly, often and well enough to make it a habit, a consciousness and a responsibility." In He Wen’s view, criticism and self-criticism should become the normal state of inner-party life and a compulsory course for every party member and cadre.

At 8: 00 am on May 16th, 2021 "Yo Yo Luming Literature" Luzhai Zhongdu Ancient Town Half Marathon and "Run Guangxi" Eco-Marathon Series (Liuzhou Luzhai Station) started shooting at Zhongdu Town Cultural and Sports Square in Luzhai County, which attracted great attention from all over the country and all walks of life and the active participation of runners. As the official sponsor of this event, Nature Home actively participated in the marathon, and provided strong support for the athletes to help the event achieve a complete success.

It is reported that this tournament is hosted by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Sports Bureau, Guangxi Culture and Tourism Department, Guangxi Communist Youth League Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee, Guangxi Radio and Television Station and Liuzhou Municipal People’s Government, hosted by Liuzhou Sports Bureau, Liuzhou Municipal Committee of the Communist Youth League, Luzhai County People’s Government and Guangxi Radio and Television News Channel, co-organized by Luzhai County Culture and Sports Radio and Television Tourism Bureau, Zhongdu Town People’s Government and Luzhai County Xianglu Investment Co., Ltd., with Guangxi Track and Field Sports Development Center and Guangxi Social Sports Development Center as business guidance units, and Guangdong Xinzhong Sports Development Center as co-organizers.

Official sponsor of the event, helping the marathon.

In 2021, the "Yo Yo Luming Literature" Luzhai Zhongdu Ancient Town Half Marathon and the "Run Guangxi" Eco-Marathon Series will integrate the urban characteristics of Luzhai with the national fitness craze, convey the beauty of sports health to the world and advocate a healthy lifestyle.

As a well-known enterprise in the home furnishing industry, Nature Home has been practicing the corporate mission of "taking responsibility for environmental protection, living a healthy life and making a healthy home", and actively advocating healthy living in social welfare and product research and development, which coincides with the concept of healthy living advocated in this competition. Based on this, the two sides will work together to convey a healthy lifestyle, so that more people can get health, happiness and friendship during running, and promote the national fitness campaign.

(NatureHome headquarters)

It is understood that on May 14th, at the press conference of 2021 Luzhai Zhongdu Half Horse, the organizer held a sponsor plaque awarding ceremony for Nature Home, officially announcing that Nature Home became the official sponsor of the event. As the official sponsor of the Games, Nature Home expressed its determination to promote the development of national fitness and mass sports in China and help healthy China.

On the eve of the competition, from May 14th to 15th, Nature Home built a unique booth in Luzhai Culture and Art Center, providing creative photo punching and interactive gifts, which attracted many participants. On the day of the competition, Nature Home set up several stations along the track to provide material support for the contestants, cheer them up and escort them.

Nature runs a group competition and actively practices a healthy life.

It is reported that two projects, the half marathon and the mini marathon, were set up at the event site, and a brand-new track route was designed based on Zhongdu’s natural, beautiful landscape and profound humanistic heritage, attracting nearly 5,000 players from all over the country to participate, blending the ancient town with youthful blood and rekindling Zhongdu’s passion by running.

It is worth mentioning that Nature Home organized employees to participate in this marathon in order to enrich their amateur cultural life, enhance teamwork, and show their healthy and hardworking spirit.

During the competition, everyone showed the best mental outlook and teamwork spirit, held high the banner of nature home all the way, enjoyed the natural scenery along the way, and persistently completed the marathon. At the scene, a natural home contestant from Shunde, Guangdong Province said, "This competition is very meaningful, which not only makes us feel the joy of challenging ourselves during running, but also makes us more aware of the importance of a healthy and green life, and at the same time can better practice the corporate mission."

It is reported that at the moment when the health of the whole people has become the focus of the country and society, Nature Home launched the "Ten-year Plan for Fitness and Strengthening the Heart of Nature Home" as early as the National Fitness Day in 2014, and advocated health campaigns in different ways every year. In August, 2020, Nature Home and ZhangJike, Olympic table tennis champion, launched "Calling Calories-Nature National Fitness Day and Three-layer Solid Wood Flooring Experience Season", which set off a continuous fitness craze and advocated a healthy lifestyle.

Conclusion:

In order to thoroughly implement the national strategy of national fitness, Nature Home has ignited a sports craze with the concept of "health and environmental protection" through the sponsorship of sports events to stimulate the enthusiasm of national fitness. In the future, Nature Home will continue to uphold the corporate mission and contribute to a healthy China.

　　On the afternoon of September 26th, the blue sky and white clouds were shining in the Binhai Port Area of Yancheng City. At the start-up site of the 2× 1000MW high-efficiency clean coal-fired power generation project, Xu Ying, secretary of Yancheng Municipal Party Committee, and Pu Baoying, chairman of Guoxin Group, announced the start-up of the project by touching the crystal ball together. Immediately, the towering pile driver made a rumbling roar and started piling. It is reported that this project with a total investment of nearly 10 billion will generate 10 billion kWh of electricity annually after completion, which will play a positive role in optimizing the installed power structure of the province and meeting the energy demand for economic and social development.

　　"Energy is a strategic support for driving urban operation and economic development, and it is also an important foundation for ensuring social civilization and progress and people’s production and life." Zhou Bin, Mayor of Yancheng City, said in his speech that in recent years, the city has actively complied with the trend of "double carbon", relied on abundant "scenery" resources, promoted the integrated development of "scenery, fire and gas storage", made great efforts to build a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system, and accelerated the construction of a green energy city. At present, the total installed capacity of energy power generation in Yancheng is 17.8 million kilowatts, of which the installed capacity of new energy exceeds 12 million kilowatts, accounting for 60% of the electricity consumption of the whole society, making it the first batch of new energy demonstration cities in China and the first 10 million kilowatts new energy power generation city in the Yangtze River Delta region.

　　"We will give full play to the advantages of Yancheng’s resources, rely on the construction of 2× 1 million kilowatts of high-efficiency clean coal-fired power projects, continuously deepen the clean and efficient use of coal, enhance the ability to absorb new energy, promote the optimal combination of coal and new energy, and continuously enhance the development advantages of Yancheng’s energy industry, demonstrating Yancheng’s responsibility in ensuring the province’s energy security." Zhou Bin said.　

　　According to reports, two million kilowatts coal-fired power generation projects in Guoxin Binhai Port are strategic cooperation projects between Yancheng Municipal People’s Government and Jiangsu Guoxin Group, an important part of Yancheng Huanghai New Area’s large-scale comprehensive energy base, and also key energy projects and major provincial projects in Jiangsu Province’s "14 th Five-Year Plan". The total investment of the project is about 9.7 billion yuan, and the two units are scheduled to be put into production by the end of 2024 and the end of April 2025 respectively. The project adopts the most advanced secondary reheat ultra-supercritical technology in the world, implements the requirements of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, improves the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency, and builds an intelligent and modern green low-carbon and high-efficiency coal-fired power generation demonstration base.

　　"The construction of Guoxin Yancheng Binhai Port’s 2× 1 million kilowatts high-efficiency clean coal-fired power generation project started, which is not only a major event in the coastal development of our county, but also another major breakthrough in the industrial development of Binhai Port in the Yellow Sea New Area, which is of great milestone significance for accelerating the construction of a green energy city and building a comprehensive energy security base in the Yangtze River Delta." Wu Qibiao, secretary of Binhai County Party Committee and county magistrate, said that he would firmly establish the "user thinking", focus on the important nodes such as the first unit put into operation at the end of 2024, and go all out to provide strong guarantee and create the best environment for the project construction with the attitude of "caring for each other", the speed of "doing it right away" and the intensity of "doing it well".

　　(Source: Jiangsu Radio and Television Yancheng Central Station/Shen Chunliang Correspondent/Wei Wei Editor/Kang Na)

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　　According to the website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on the 17th, in October, 2020, the General Administration of Market Supervision, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce and the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives jointly issued a notice to launch a one-year special enforcement action on fake and shoddy food in rural areas nationwide, and severely crack down on illegal activities that people hate, such as adding non-edible substances to meat and food that have not been inspected and quarantined, "three noes" food, and food that has expired. Over the past year, relevant departments in various regions have taken active actions and achieved remarkable results. A total of 162,000 illegal cases of fake and shoddy food in rural areas have been investigated and dealt with, with a fine of 1.48 billion yuan, 4,369 tons of illegal products seized, 96 licenses revoked, 155 people were restricted in their qualifications, 17.28 million yuan was fined to those directly responsible, and 1,912 suspected criminal cases (including those transferred by administrative organs) were investigated by public security organs. The General Administration of Market Supervision, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have jointly released 10 typical cases of special enforcement actions on fake and shoddy food in rural areas.

　　Case 1: Jinhua, Zhejiang investigated and dealt with the case of Long Ding non-staple food firm in Pujiang County, which produced edible oil with false production date and engaged in salt wholesale business without authorization.

　　In November 2020, according to the report, the Market Supervision Bureau of Pujiang County, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province inspected the Long Ding non-staple food store in Pujiang County, which is located in the urban-rural junction. After investigation, Long Ding Non-staple Food Firm in Pujiang County holds a food business license. Since May 2020, it has successively purchased 100 sets of edible oil and edible oil packaging of 4 different brands. In August, 2020, the parties unpacked a batch of edible oil near the shelf life and put it into the above 100 sets of oil drums, and changed the packaging and marked it as the latest production date, and mixed it with the normal edible oil purchased in the same batch and sold it as new oil. As of the time of the incident, all the edible oil after replacement packaging has been sold out, with a value of 14,950 yuan. Law enforcement officers ordered the party concerned to recall the edible oil with changed packaging, and recalled a total of 148 barrels of problematic edible oil, and supervised the destruction on December 30, 2020. The above-mentioned behavior of the parties violates the provisions of Article 34 (10) and Article 35 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and belongs to the illegal act of producing and selling food without permission and marking the false production date; At the same time, during the inspection, it was found that the parties were non-salt wholesale enterprises and engaged in salt wholesale business without authorization, which violated the "Salt Monopoly Measures" and other relevant regulations. The Market Supervision Bureau of Pujiang County, Jinhua City made an administrative penalty of confiscation of illegal income and a fine of 502,800 yuan according to law.

　　Case 2: Chongqing Yubei investigationMaoshunming agricultural and sideline products sales departmentCase of illegally using industrial rosin to process pig’s head meat

　　In August, 2020, the market supervision office of Muer Town, Yubei District Market Supervision Bureau of Chongqing inspected the agricultural and sideline products business department of Maoshunming in Yubei District according to the report, and found that the food processing point used industrial rosin for hair removal. After inspection, the main components of the residual rosin used in the cleaned pig’s head meat, the rosin used in boiling and the unused rosin are rosin acid (industrial rosin). By the time of the incident, the parties had processed about 8,000 pig heads, accounting for 40,000 Jin, with the value of the goods involved exceeding 1.92 million yuan and the illegal income exceeding 1.44 million yuan. The behavior of the parties concerned violates Item (1) of Article 34 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and constitutes an illegal act of adding chemicals other than food additives to food. At present, the case is still being processed.

　　Case 3: Beijing investigated and dealt with the case of producing and selling counterfeit "Quanjude" roast duck and "Jingyuede" brand Beijing roast duck with false labels.

　　In April, 2021, according to the clues about the low-priced Quanjude roast duck in Beijing market, the Beijing Municipal Market Supervision Bureau locked Beijing Xinsheng Rong Da Trading Co., Ltd. and its legal representative Kong Mou, smashed the warehouse in Li Village, Fangshan District, and seized nearly 2,000 suspected counterfeit Quanjude packages and 4,905 Beijing roast ducks of Jingyuede brand on the spot. After investigation, Kong and others bought fake "Quanjude" packaging materials at the price of each set of 1 yuan, and bought plastic-sealed roast ducks at the price of 13.5 yuan each, and shipped them to Beijing for distribution to the off-line at the price of each 20 yuan. Upon investigation, the label contains false contents, and the entrusted party marked on the outer package is a food company in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, which is actually a food factory in Boye County, Baoding City, Hebei Province, which violates the first paragraph of Article 71 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). Beijing Municipal Market Supervision Bureau imposed administrative penalties on Beijing Xinsheng Rong Da Trading Co., Ltd. according to law, including confiscation of illegal income of 201,000 yuan, confiscation of 4,905 "Jingyuede" brand Beijing roast ducks illegally produced and operated, a fine of 2.647 million yuan for 10 times the value of the goods, and revocation of the food business license, and imposed administrative penalties on the legal representative Kong Mou, who was not allowed to apply for a food production and business license within five years, or engaged in food production and business management, and served as a food safety manager of food production and business enterprises.

　　Case 4: Tianjin investigated and dealt with the case of Xinhaifu Food Trading Co., Ltd. selling food infringing the exclusive right of registered trademarks and failing to fulfill the legal obligations such as the Food Safety Law.

　　In January 2021, according to the report, Tianjin Market Supervision Comprehensive Law Enforcement Corps inspected the business premises and warehouse of Tianjin Xinhaifu Food Trading Co., Ltd., and found 277 boxes of Pepsi concentrated syrup produced by Nanjing Pepsi Beverage Co., Ltd., which was used for sales. Through on-the-spot identification, the above syrup products are not produced by Nanjing Pepsi Company, and they are goods that infringe the exclusive right to use the trademark of Pepsi. Law enforcement officers seized the above commodities on the spot and sampled them for inspection. After investigation, it was found that the food involved met the food safety standards, but the exclusive right to use a registered trademark was infringed. The parties bought 500 boxes of the above syrup, and 223 boxes have been sold. When purchasing, they did not check the supplier’s business license, food business license and food conformity certification documents. The actions of the parties concerned violated the provisions of Article 57 of the Trademark Law, Paragraph 1 of Article 53 of the Food Safety Law and Article 67 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Food Safety Law, which constituted the purchase of food without passing the inspection certificate and the sale of goods infringing the exclusive right to use a registered trademark. The Tianjin Municipal Market Supervision Comprehensive Law Enforcement Corps gave the company a warning according to law, confiscated 265 boxes of Pepsi concentrated syrup infringing the exclusive right to use a registered trademark and imposed an administrative penalty of 458,000 yuan. At the same time, Chen Mou, the main person in charge of the party concerned, is directly responsible for the above-mentioned illegal acts. According to Article 75 of the Regulations on the Implementation of the Food Safety Law, the Tianjin Municipal Market Supervision Comprehensive Law Enforcement Corps imposed an administrative penalty of "a fine of 20,000 yuan" on Chen Mou.

　　Case 5: Chengdu, Sichuan investigated and dealt with the case of Lin selling beef omasum without inspection and quarantine.

　　In December, 2020, jinniu district Market Supervision Bureau of Chengdu received a clue notification from the public security organ, saying that during the food inspection of cold chain epidemic on Jin Furong Avenue in jinniu district, it was found that the vehicle driven by Lin (the owner) was loaded with about 1 ton of fresh hairy tripe that might be involved in the epidemic, and jinniu district Bureau immediately conducted on-site investigation. After investigation, a total of 1070 kilograms of hairy belly was purchased from overseas by Lin through WeChat contact. When picking up the goods, he did not fulfill the obligation of incoming inspection, and did not obtain the inspection and quarantine import customs clearance certificate, nucleic acid test report, disinfection certificate and other documents. The behavior of Lin, the party concerned, in dealing with beef omasum without quarantine and failing to fulfill the obligation of incoming inspection violates Articles 34 and 53 of the Food Safety Law. In accordance with Articles 123 and 126 of the Food Safety Law, the jinniu district Municipal Market Supervision Bureau gave the parties a warning, confiscated the hairy belly involved, and imposed an administrative penalty of 17 times the value of the goods, amounting to 2.086 million yuan.

　　Case 6: Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province cracked the "3.30" series of cases of manufacturing and selling toxic and harmful beef venetian blinds.

　　In March 2021, according to the clues found in the work, Hangzhou Public Security Bureau cracked a series of cases of manufacturing and selling toxic and harmful beef venetian blinds, destroyed 7 criminal gangs, arrested 27 criminal suspects, and seized 4 tons of beef venetian blinds illegally added with formaldehyde and other non-edible substances on the spot, with a case value of more than 2 million yuan. After investigation, Huang, Liu and other criminal gangs used chemicals such as hanging white blocks and formaldehyde to soak tripe and tripe, bleach them and sell them to some local farmers’ market stalls. After the case was detected, the local government organized a special rectification of animal viscera products sold in the market and achieved remarkable results.

　　Case 7: Xinxiang, Henan Province cracked the case of "July 21" manufacturing and selling counterfeit brand mineral water.

　　In October 2021, according to the clues found in the work, Xinxiang Public Security Bureau detected a case of manufacturing and selling counterfeit brand mineral water, arrested 12 suspects, and seized 336,000 bottles of counterfeit brand mineral water, more than 500,000 bottles, more than 800,000 caps and more than 600,000 labels on the spot. After investigation, since 2018, the criminal suspect Zheng Moumou and others have set up dens in rural houses, purchased equipment, set up production lines, extracted underground well water, simply filtered it, and filled it with counterfeit brand mineral water. Through the development of WeChat, the products involved were sold to many provinces, with a case value of more than 20 million yuan. Before the project, the case has been transferred to the procuratorate for review and prosecution.

　　Case 8: Chongqing Yunyang cracked the case of Hu Moumou and others manufacturing and selling fake wine.

　　In January 2021, according to the clues found in the work, the Anti-counterfeiting Corps of Chongqing Public Security Bureau and Yunyang County Public Security Bureau cracked a case of manufacturing and selling fake wine, arrested 14 suspects, and seized 2 tons of fake wine stock solution, 15,000 bottles of fake Volkswagen brand liquor and more than 80,000 sets of fake wine packaging materials on the spot. After investigation, since January 2018, the criminal suspect Peng Moumou and others have purchased wine bottles, bulk liquor and packaging materials without the permission of the trademark owner, set up dens in the rural courtyard of Ya’ an City, and produced and sold counterfeit brand liquor in large quantities, with a case value of more than 10 million yuan. At present, the case has been transferred to the procuratorate for review and prosecution.

　　Case 9: Xiamen, Fujian Province cracked the "6.11" case of slaughtering pigs indiscriminately.

　　In June, 2021, according to the clues found in the work, Xiamen Public Security Bureau cracked a case of slaughtering pigs privately, arrested 38 suspects, and seized more than 100 pigs and 6,800 kilograms of slaughtered pigs on the spot. After investigation, since January 2021, Meng Moumou’s criminal gang has rented a number of simple houses in remote locations in local rural areas, set up pig slaughter points privately, purchased a large number of pigs from inside and outside the province without inspection and quarantine, and sold them to the market after slaughtering them privately. At present, the case has been transferred to the procuratorate for review and prosecution.

　　Case 10: Anhui Lu ‘an investigated and dealt with the case of producing and selling food that did not meet safety standards in Zhang Moumou.

　　In October, 2020, the law enforcement officers of jin an district Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Lu ‘an City, Anhui Province found that the Jianghuai light truck with license plate number Anhui AWU973 was loaded with 73 pig carcasses, each weighing about 23 kilograms. After on-site inspection, the pig carcasses did not have the seal of animal quarantine inspection, and the driver could not provide the animal quarantine certificate and the African swine fever test report. After testing by the jin an district Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, this batch of pig products was unqualified. After investigation, this batch of live pig products is owned by the owner. The case was then transferred to jin an district Public Security Bureau for investigation according to law. In March, 2021, the Intermediate People’s Court of Lu ‘an City sentenced Zhang Moumou and other eight people to six months to one year and eight months’ imprisonment and a fine of 10,000 yuan to 70,000 yuan.

　　　　　　 CCTV News:In view of the recent overheating of the real estate market in some cities and the rise of speculation, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued a notice, reiterating that the goal of real estate regulation and control will not be shaken and the intensity will not be relaxed, and putting forward clear requirements for further real estate regulation and control.

　　　　　　 Accelerate the formulation and implementation of housing development plans. First-and second-tier cities should complete the housing development plan for 2018-2022 before the end of the year, and report it to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development for the record and announce it to the public for implementation. Pay close attention to adjusting the supply structure of housing and land. All localities should increase the effective supply of housing and land in a targeted manner, effectively increase the supply ratio of medium and low-priced and small and medium-sized ordinary commodity housing, and establish a linkage mechanism between housing prices and land prices to prevent land prices from pushing up housing prices. Sixteen cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, should explore and promote the diversification of land suppliers, and put forward and report specific implementation plans before the end of June.

　　　　　　 Effectively strengthen the management and control of funds. All localities should strengthen the scale management of individual housing loans, implement differentiated housing credit policies, strengthen the review of borrowers’ repayment ability, and strictly control the misappropriation of funds such as consumer loans and business loans for house purchase and leverage.

　　　　　　 Vigorously rectify and standardize market order. It is necessary to seriously investigate and deal with illegal acts of real estate enterprises and intermediaries such as property hoarding, speculation, evasion of regulatory policies, and market panic. Strengthen public opinion guidance and expected management, and further implement the main responsibility of local regulation and control.

　　　　　　 Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development: Interview with 12 cities to ensure the stable and healthy development of the market

　　　　　　 Since the beginning of this year, "regulation" has become the main tone of the property market, and regulation policies have been introduced more than 100 times throughout the country. In particular, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development recently interviewed 12 cities on the regulation of the real estate market, namely Xi ‘an, Haikou, Sanya, Changchun, Harbin, Kunming, Dalian, Guiyang, Xuzhou, Foshan, Chengdu and Taiyuan.

　　　　　　 The interview emphasized that we should unswervingly adhere to the positioning of "the house is used for living, not for speculation", implement the main responsibility of local regulation, and make precise policies according to local conditions to ensure the stable and healthy development of the real estate market.

　　　　　　 Several cities have introduced new regulations: plugging loopholes and strengthening supervision

　　　　　　 The reporter noted that after the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development interviewed the heads of these 12 cities, at present, seven cities including Chengdu, Harbin, Guiyang, Changchun, Foshan, Xi ‘an and Taiyuan have responded, and these seven cities have successively upgraded the property market regulation measures and introduced strict policies to curb speculation.

　　　　　　 In view of the loopholes in the actual implementation of the previous purchase restriction policy, Chengdu has introduced a new policy to adjust the purchase restriction object from natural persons to families, and made new provisions on the transfer conditions of divorced families’ purchase and new purchase, and at the same time, it has introduced a new regulation on the selection of houses by notarization and lottery.

　　　　　　 Harbin requires new houses in the main city to be sold for three years; Changchun requires that the transaction price of commercial housing should not be higher than the pre-sale declaration price; Guiyang reiterated the three-year sales regulation and adjusted the housing provident fund policy; Foshan reiterated the order of real estate sales, and made detailed regulations on the opening time of real estate enterprises, the subscription and signing process, and the disclosure of housing. Taiyuan stipulates that newly purchased houses can only be traded and transferred after 2 years from the date of obtaining the property ownership certificate or the house ownership certificate. In addition, the Housing Authority of Xi ‘an has stepped up inspections, and increased penalties and notifications for illegal real estate developers and real estate brokers.

　　　　　　 Ni Pengfei, director of the Urban and Real Estate Research Office of China Academy of Social Sciences, said: "After the introduction of this policy, it will give the illusion that the policy will be adjusted, or that the government will no longer take tough measures. This expectation will make it burst. Then this reasonable demand will be guaranteed, and unreasonable demand will be delayed. Then investment and speculation will be further restricted. "

　　Cctv news: On May 18th, the State Council held the first national conference on comprehensive risk survey of natural disasters. Zheng Guoguang, Secretary-General of the National Disaster Reduction Committee and Director of the Office of the First National Comprehensive Risk Survey of Natural Disasters in the State Council, said that the first national comprehensive risk survey of natural disasters will be carried out from 2020 to 2022 with three main objectives: first, to find out the risk base of natural disasters; Second, we must grasp the law of natural disaster risk; Third, we should build a technical support system for natural disaster risk prevention and control.

　　Zheng Guoguang pointed out that the census work is organized and implemented in accordance with the principle of "unified national leadership, division of labor and cooperation among departments, local responsibility at different levels, and joint participation of all parties", and it is divided into three stages: pre-census preparation, pilot "conference war", national pilot, and comprehensive development, and the application of census data and results is strengthened in accordance with the requirements of "conducting census, applying it while achieving results". Through the joint efforts of all parties, the census has made positive progress:

　　First, all localities and departments have strengthened organizational leadership and formed a census work system.All provinces, cities and counties in China have set up census leading groups headed by government leaders, set up census offices, full-time management teams and technical teams, worked out census implementation plans and working systems, organized technical training, and carried out census pilots. Relevant departments at the central level have also set up specialized organization and management institutions and technical teams to strengthen organization and implementation and provide local training and technical guidance.

　　The second is to complete the revision of the census technical specifications and form a census technical system.. The State Council Census Office organized relevant departments to compile 48 technical specifications for investigation, 45 technical specifications for evaluation and zoning, and developed the "1+10" census software system. "1" is the the State Council Census Office, and "10" is the 10 industry departments participating in the census. All of them have developed census software, realized the interconnection and unified entry and login of the census software system, formed a quality inspection system for sub-industry and comprehensive census data, and determined 89 items with thousands of indicators. The pilot "conference war" and the national pilot verified and improved the census implementation plan and technical specifications.

　　The third is to explore and form a census organization and implementation model and census team.Local census offices and major industry departments have implemented full-time staff, set up a technical team of "industry department+comprehensive department+third party", strengthened the construction of census personnel in the form of centralized office, gave full play to the role of grassroots organizations, formed a census organization and implementation model suitable for local characteristics, and carried out various forms of census publicity activities to create a good social atmosphere.

2019In, natural disasters in China were mainly floods, typhoons, droughts, earthquakes and geological disasters, and forest and grassland fires, wind and hail, low-temperature freezing and snow disasters also occurred to varying degrees. Snowstorm in Yushu, Qinghai, forest fire in Muli, Sichuan, landslides in Xiangning, Shanxi and Shuicheng, Guizhou, and Changning, Sichuan occurred one after another throughout the year.6.0Major natural disasters, such as earthquake of magnitude 6.0, super typhoon "Likima", heavy rains and floods in many southern provinces during the main flood season, and drought in summer, autumn and winter in southern China. After consultation with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Health and Wellness Commission, the Bureau of Statistics, the Meteorological Bureau, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the Grain and Reserve Bureau, the Joint Staff of the Central Military Commission and the Political Work Department, the Red Cross Society, China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. and other member units of the National Disaster Reduction Committee, all kinds of natural disasters were caused throughout the year.1.3Hundreds of millions of people were affected,909People are dead and missing,528.6Ten thousand emergency transfer and resettlement;12.6Ten thousand houses collapsed,28.4Ten thousand rooms were seriously damaged,98.4Ten thousand rooms are generally damaged; Affected area of crops19256.9Thousands of hectares, of which no harvest.2802Thousand hectares; direct economic loss3270.9100 million yuan.

2019In, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the Emergency Management Department adhered to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, conscientiously implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, made every effort to modernize the emergency management system and capacity, kept an emergency state at all times, and guided the national emergency management system to do a good job in disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, effectively and orderly responding to a series of major natural disasters. The number of people who died and disappeared due to natural disasters, the number of houses collapsed and the direct economic losses accounted for.GDPClose specific gravityfiveThe annual average decreased respectively.25%、57%and24%.2019The main features of natural disasters in China in are:

First, the flood disaster is "more in the north and south, less in the middle", and the geological disasters are high in the south-central and southwest regions.

2019In, the precipitation in most parts of the country was on the high side, showing "more in the north and south and less in the middle" on the whole. Among them,six－eightIn October, several rounds of rainfall in southern China were concentrated and overlapped, and the main rain belt always lingered in Guangxi, Jiangxi and Hunan, leading to Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou and Sichuan.fiveSerious floods occurred in provinces (regions), causing heavy casualties and serious direct economic losses.seven－eightIn June, there was persistent rainfall in northwest and northeast China, and many rivers such as Heilongjiang and Songhua River exceeded the warning water level, and crops were affected in a large area. In Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Henan, Shandong and other provinces from the north of the Yangtze River to the Yellow River basin, the rainfall in flood season is obviously less than that in the same period of normal years, and the flood disaster is at a low level in the same period of recent years. In addition, the number of geological disasters in Central and South China is the largest, and the geological disasters in Southwest China have caused the heaviest disaster losses and the largest number of people who died and disappeared due to disasters. On the whole,2019The losses caused by floods and geological disasters showed a downward trend in.

Second, there are many typhoons and few landings, and the super typhoon "Lichima" has great influence.

2019Annual totalfiveTyphoon landed in China, with an average of less than many years.2A.fiveThe intensity of the landing typhoon was weak as a whole, but the firstnineThe extreme characteristics of the super typhoon "Lichima" are obvious, which is1949Since, the typhoon has landed in mainland China with the fifth strongest intensity, and the maximum wind force near the center reached.16Level (fifty-tworice/Seconds), rainfall in parts of Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong reached.350－600Mm, far exceeding the local historical extreme, resulting in Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Shandong and so on.nineProvince (city)209.7Ten thousand people were urgently transferred and resettled,1.5Ten thousand houses collapsed,13.3Ten thousand rooms were damaged to varying degrees. Besides,2019In 2000, there were few typhoons going inland westward, excepteightSuper typhoon "Lichima" and10Typhoon Mina brought strong rainfall to Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places in August, but no other typhoon penetrated into the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which aggravated the development of drought in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to some extent.

Third, the drought has occurred in stages and regions, and the drought in summer, autumn and winter in southern China is serious.

2019Winter and spring drought, summer, autumn and winter drought and regional drought occurred successively in.2－fiveIn June, the northeast region suffered from spring drought, and most of Yunnan and southern Sichuan experienced winter and spring drought.five－eightIn September, the ground temperature in Jianghuai, Huanghuai and other places was high and there was little rain, among which the drought in Shanxi, Henan and other places was heavier, and there was a staged summer drought.sevenSince late October, the precipitation in eastern Hubei, central and eastern Hunan, most of Jiangxi, southern Anhui and central and northern Fujian has been less than normal.five－nineCheng, for1961Since, the same period in history has been the least, and the temperature in most of the above areas is higher than normal, which has caused the occurrence of near in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and Anhui.40The worst drought in summer and autumn in years. Generally speaking, although the drought has reduced the production of cash crops and grain crops in some areas, it has not had a significant impact on the overall grain harvest in the whole year. YujinfiveCompared with the annual average,2019In, the number of people living in need of assistance due to drought in China increased.65%The affected area of crops and direct economic losses were reduced respectively.22%and4%.

Fourth, the seismic activity in the western region is relatively active.

2019It happened in mainland China in.twentytimefiveEarthquakes of magnitude above, among whichsixEarthquakes above magnitude2Time, did not happen.sevenEarthquakes of magnitude above. western part of the countryfiveEarthquakes above magnitude account for the national total85%, among which,fourmoon24Medog County, Xizang, Japan6.3Magnitude earthquake, yes2019The earthquake with the highest magnitude in 2000 caused a small number of cracks in houses in Medog County.sixmoon17Changning, Sichuan6.0Magnitude earthquake, yes2019The earthquake with the worst disaster in 2008 caused13People die,3500More than two houses collapsed,22.3Ten thousand houses were damaged to varying degrees. Besides,2moon24－25Rongxian county, Sichuan province4.7Level,4.3Grade sum4.9Magnitude earthquake,fivemoon18Rijilin Songyuan5.1Magnitude earthquake,ninemooneightRi Sichuan Weiyuan5.4Magnitude earthquake,10moon28Ri Gansu Xiahe5.7Magnitude earthquake,11moon25Jingxi, Guangxi5.2Magnitude earthquake,twelvemoon26Japan Hubei Yingcheng4.9The magnitude-8 earthquake also caused some losses.

Five, the temporal and spatial distribution of wind and hail disasters is relatively concentrated, and the low temperature freezing and snow disasters are significantly lighter.

2019Appeared all over the country in37Sub-strong convective weather process, closefiveThe annual average is less, and the temporal and spatial distribution of wind and hail disasters is more concentrated. Time is concentrated infour－eightIn June, the region was concentrated in East China, Central China and North China, and Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Liaoning and other places had experienced super-development.10Strong winds caused heavy local losses. Low-temperature freezing and snow disasters mainly concentrated at the beginning of the year, affecting the eastern part of northwest China, Northeast China, Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Jianghan and other places. Crops in parts of Qinghai, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Hunan and Yunnan suffered from low-temperature freezing and snow disasters. YujinfiveCompared with the annual average, the disasters caused by low-temperature freezing and snow disaster are obviously lighter, and the affected area of crops and direct economic losses are reduced respectively.70%and84%

Six, the forest and grassland fire situation is generally stable, and the number of occurrences and the affected area have achieved a "double decline."

2019A total of forest fires occurred in China in.2345, including major fire.eightOutbreaks and major firesoneArea of damaged forest13505Ha. and2018Compared with, the number of forest fires decreased.133Rise and fall5.4%; Decrease of damaged forest area2804Ha, decline17.2%. Grassland fires broke out all over the country.45, including major fire.oneOutbreaks and major fires2All of them were caused by fire from abroad, and the area of the affected grassland was about66705Ha.

Original Zhao XI’s preface to Xi area This article is paid reading content, and paying users can give a friend a chance to read this article for free.

Cardiac CT scanning is an important achievement of CT development in recent 20 years. With the continuous progress of equipment, the fastest single sector time resolution has reached 66ms(SOMATOM Force). The improvement of time resolution is an important direction of CT development, and the most effective method is to improve the rotation speed of the gantry.

The earliest cardiac CT imaging mainly used ECG-gated technology, which retrospectively selected images in the relatively static position of heart movement and reconstructed them, so it was called retrospective ECG-gated scanning technology.

What is retrospective ECG-gated scanning technology?

Retrospective ECG-gating is what we usually call "back door gating". Retrospective ECG-Gating technology uses the synchronous acquisition technology of ECG and CT scanning to obtain the synchronous data of continuous spiral scanning and heart movement. After scanning, we can select any phase needed in the cardiac cycle according to the synchronized ECG for reconstruction.

According to the setting of CT scanner, the phase is defined as the percentage of relative-relative interval (such as 75%) or the absolute delay value (such as 700 milliseconds). (see:). It is known that the cardiac phase with the least motion artifacts is different between each coronary artery and the patient. Generally speaking, at low heart rate (i.e. < 65 bpm), coronary artery images with (almost) no motion are provided in the middle or late diastole. However, end-systolic reconstruction is necessary for a higher heart rate.

Searching for the best phase for each coronary artery from several phases (images are usually reconstructed with 5% R-R interval) is very time-consuming and requires great efforts. For automatic technology, "motion map" has advantages, which derives velocity function between multiple low-resolution reconstructions of cardiac cycle, and the minimum difference period between adjacent phases indicates the minimum cardiac motion.

Cardiogram. The abscissa z shows the relative anatomical position of the heart, and the ordinate shows the position of adjacent images when the heart fluctuates. Blue indicates that the motion amplitude is small, and red indicates that the motion amplitude is large.

For images without cardiac motion artifacts, the acquisition time must be shorter than 19.1 milliseconds. Multi-slice spiral CT and electron beam CT do not have such high time resolution; Therefore, CT scanning imaging of the heart needs to properly adjust the scanning window to a relatively stable heartbeat phase.

According to Lu et al., by using ECG trigger/gating to optimize the cardiac phase, for a patient’s baseline heart rate of 50 to 100 beats per minute (bpm), a cardiac image with minimum motion can be obtained with an acquisition time of 50.9 to 75.5 ms..

Minimum and maximum velocity of three main coronary arteries in cardiac cycle (mm/s)

Lu B , Mao S S , Zhuang N , et al. Coronary artery motion during the cardiac cycle and optimal ECG triggering for coronary artery imaging. Investigative Radiology, 2001, 36(5):250-256.

In addition to coronary angiography, retrospective ECG gated scanning can evaluate global and local cardiac function (ejection fraction) and valve shape and function. Retrospective ECG gated scanning can adapt to patients with mild irregular rhythm.

Electrocardiogram editing technology. The heart rate of patients with arrhythmia is 34-145 beats/min. In 75% of R-R reconstruction, obvious stepped (that is, banded) artifacts (left) are shown. Applying ECG editing technology (right) can reduce image registration errors.

Horiguchi J , Yamamoto H , Kihara Y , et al. Prospective ECG-triggered sequential versus retrospective ECG-gated spiral CT: Pros and cons. Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports, 2009, 2(6):447-454.

Using ECG editing technology, the position of time window in cardiac cycle can be modified at will, and some or all artifacts caused by arrhythmia can be corrected and compensated. Therefore, by covering the data of the whole cardiac phase, retrospective ECG gated scanning can be used for multiple cardiac phase reconstruction and is robust enough for slight heart rate changes.

As an improvement of the traditional retrospective ECG-gated scanning, the current multi-row CT scanner has the so-called "ECG modulation" option, which modulates the tube current in a specific part of the cardiac cycle, allowing the radiation dose to be reduced by 30% to 50%.

The degree of reduction mainly depends on the setting of two parameters:

1) Percentage of minimum tube current/maximum tube current; and

2) The time length of the minimum tube current relative to the R-R interval.

For patients with low heart rate, systolic phase is usually not used for coronary angiography, and systolic phase can be selected as a window to reduce current. However, the low-dose data can reasonably evaluate the cardiac function, because such high image quality is not needed in the systolic phase of the heart in the above cases.

Prospective ECG trigger technology and retrospective ECG gating technology

A. The traditional retrospective ECG gated scanning is carried out in spiral mode with fixed tube current during the whole cardiac cycle. B retrospective ECG-gated scanning with ECG modulation can reduce the tube current in a specific part of the cardiac cycle (usually during systole) and allow the radiation dose to be reduced by 30% to 50%. C. Prospective ECG trigger scanning applies radiation during a short and predetermined acquisition window of the cardiac cycle, thus reducing the radiation dose by about 80% compared with retrospective ECG gated scanning. D x-ray irradiation in prospective ECG trigger scan can be prolonged to increase additional reconstruction usability. It can regulate some heart rate variability; However, this is at the expense of increasing radiation exposure.

Horiguchi J , Yamamoto H , Kihara Y , et al. Prospective ECG-triggered sequential versus retrospective ECG-gated spiral CT: Pros and cons. Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports, 2009, 2(6):447-454.

What is prospective ECG trigger scanning technology?

Prospective ECG trigger scanning technology can be traced back to more than 40 years ago. The new SOMATOM 2 equipment produced by Siemens Medical in 1979 can image the beating heart for the first time. This is achieved by a so-called ECG "trigger": ECG measures the heart function, so that SOMATOM 2 is synchronized with the patient’s heartbeat. Then, the device sends out X-ray pulses at a specific time point of the heart beating, and collects data during diastole instead of when the heart is pumping blood. This makes CT images largely free from the interference of heart activity.

SOMATOM 2，1979

Prospective ECG trigger sequence acquisition

Usually when we refer to the prospective ECG trigger scanning technology, we mainly refer to the prospective ECG trigger sequence acquisition.

At present, the prospective ECG trigger scanning technology has become the preferred cardiac imaging technology, which is exposed during the short and predetermined acquisition window of the cardiac cycle. The r wave on the electrocardiogram is monitored. Scanning starts after a time delay and stops after a time to resume at a similar time in the next cycle.

Early electron beam CT also used prospective ECG trigger scanning technology, which had high time resolution, but poor image quality, and was eventually eliminated (see). It can be seen that the image quality is in a very important position in imaging, and it is feasible to improve the temporal resolution in advance before ensuring the image quality.

Coronary CTA images of electron beam CT

Achenbach S . Value of electron-beam computed tomography for the noninvasive detection of high-grade coronary-artery stenoses and occlusions.[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 1998, 339(27):1964.

The traditional prospective ECG trigger scanning technology is exposed at a specific time in the R-R interval, so the image quality will be reduced in the case of premature beats or other arrhythmia.

On 64-slice spiral CT, sequential scanning technique (about four exposures) is used to cover the whole heart. Skip one heartbeat between adjacent X-ray exposures to allow the patient table to move unless there is a low heart rate (for example, < 48 bpm), in which case the patient table can move during the X-ray stop time (systole). Due to the incorrect fusion of two adjacent data sets, staircase artifact is a shortcoming of traditional prospective ECG-triggered CTA. This may be caused by unstable heart rate and body movement. In this respect, 256-slice or 320-slice CT scanning, as well as the Flash mode of Shuang Yuan CT, allow scanning to be completed in one heartbeat, and there will be no cross-sectional artifacts.

At least 180 parallel ray projections are needed to reconstruct the image. Single-source CT scanner needs half a revolution plus a fan angle (about 50-60) to transmit such a large amount of data. The time resolution of the rotation center is half of the rotation time. In order to reduce the radiation dose as much as possible, the shortest gantry rotation (230–240) is used, and imaging is limited to one cardiac phase. In order to adapt to some heart rate changes or obtain wide-phase data (for example, end systole to end diastole), the exposure time can be extended at the expense of increasing radiation exposure.

The optimal duration depends on several factors:

1) the patient’s heart rate and variability;

2) the purpose of cardiac examination (coronary artery imaging or including functional analysis); and

3) Different gantry rotation speeds (0.25-0.35s/r) that affect the time resolution.

Different CT devices have different abilities to extend exposure time. If the exposure duration can be set long enough, functional imaging or multi-segment reconstruction using two adjacent cardiac cycles is possible.

In addition to the single-source CT scanner, for the first generation of Shuang Yuan CT, there are two acquisition systems installed on the rotating gantry with an angle offset of 90, and the 180 parallel ray geometric data can be divided into two 90 data segments. This 90 data segment was acquired at the same anatomical level at the same time. Therefore, the temporal resolution is 83 ms. When multi-sector reconstruction is applied, the temporal resolution of 41 to 83ms (60ms on average) can be achieved. For the new Shuang Yuan CT system, the time resolution of single sector can be improved to 66-75ms, and the highest time resolution can reach 33-37ms when multi-sector reconstruction is applied.

Gating/triggering technology. This picture shows four ECG gating/triggering methods, and the blue box shows the real-time current. In the case of retrospective ECG gating using dose modulation, the higher box represents the total tube current, while the shorter box represents the reduced tube current.

Prospective ECG trigger spiral acquisition

For Shuang Yuan CT system, a new forward-looking ECG-triggered spiral scanning technology (Flash Spiral mode) was invented. Flash Spiral mode and DSCT system provide a way to scan the heart in a heartbeat by using a new spiral acquisition (the examination table moves continuously during image acquisition) specially developed for DSCT.

In single source CT, the pitch must usually be limited to p≤1.5 to ensure seamless volume coverage along the Z axis. If the pitch is increased to p > 1.5, the appearance of sampling gap hinders image reconstruction, and there are not too many images to cause artifacts. For cardiac imaging, the pitch is generally around 0.2, and more overlap can ensure that the same phase position of different R-R intervals in the Z-axis direction is continuous. Interpolation artifacts will occur when the pitch is too large (see).

However, for DSCT, the data obtained by the second measurement system after a quarter of a week can be used to fill these gaps. In this way, the pitch can be increased to p > 3.2 while still allowing image reconstruction. The time resolution of each individual axial image is a quarter of the rotation time. At the same time, due to the high pitch, overlapping radiation exposure is avoided, thus reducing the radiation dose of patients to the minimum theoretically achievable, usually less than 1mSv.

Schematic diagram of Flash spiral mode. For simplicity, only the path of one of the two groups of X-ray tubes and detectors is shown. (a) In the Flash spiral mode, a very high pitch is used so that the X-ray tube and detector can rotate around the patient without overlapping. (b) Image acquisition begins at the end of systole and is completed within one cardiac cycle. The actual duration of image acquisition depends on the width and scanning length of the detector. (c) The time resolution of image reconstruction is about one quarter of the gantry rotation time (here, the gantry rotation time is 280ms, and it is 75ms). Subsequent images are reconstructed at adjacent time points in the cardiac cycle.

Achenbach S, Marwan M, Schepis T, Pflederer T, Bruder H, Allmendinger T, Petersilka M, Anders K, Lell M, Kuettner A, Ropers D, Daniel WG, Flohr T. High-pitch spiral acquisition: a new scan mode for coronary CT angiography. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2009 Mar-Apr; 3(2):117-21.

So let’s sum up, retrospective ECG is used in retrospective scanning, and then the reconstructed time image is determined according to ECG. Prospective scanning is ECG-triggered scanning, which can be divided into two modes, one is prospective ECG-triggered sequence scanning, and the other is prospective ECG-triggered spiral scanning, that is, large pitch mode, which can only be used in Shuang Yuan CT.

Therefore, the statement of "front door control" is untenable. To put it more strictly,