The employment trend of college students is the first choice for first-tier cities, and the expectation of second-tier cities is rising.

　　Returning home to start a business is becoming an important direction for college students’ employment. The picture above shows Tongli Village, Anji County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Three college graduates are processing flower devices in the workshop. Photo by Zhang Liqing (Xinhua News Agency)

　　Recently, many provinces and universities around the country have released the employment quality report of college graduates in 2018. Under the tide of "the war of grabbing people" and "the post-1995 generation became the main force of job hunting", the employment choice of college graduates has become the focus of social attention.

　　Where did college graduates go for employment in 2018? What is the main consideration in choosing a job? Are you satisfied with the selected job? At the beginning of the new year, this newspaper conducted an interview.

　　Employment of graduates in second-tier cities increased.

　　— — Fresh graduates expect the proportion of middle and second-tier cities to increase; Private enterprises become the main force to attract college students’ employment.

　　"I want to go to a new place to experience when I graduate, but I don’t want to leave the first-tier cities. Shanghai is a very attractive city, with many well-known large enterprises and colorful life, so I chose here. " Wang Jingjing graduated from Sun Yat-sen University in 2018 and now works in L ‘Oré al headquarters in Shanghai. She said this about her employment choice.

　　There are not a few college graduates who have similar employment choices like Wang Jingjing. LinkedIn, a well-known workplace social platform, recently released "Insight into the Urban Mobility Trend of Young Workplaces in 2018", which shows that for newly graduated "post-95 s" young people, first-tier cities are still the first choice for starting the workplace after graduation.

　　Experts pointed out that at present, the ability of first-tier cities to attract talents is still very strong, but more and more college graduates leave first-tier cities and go to second-tier cities for employment.

　　Combing the employment quality report of college graduates in Beijing, we can find that among the 2018 graduates who have been employed in colleges and universities in Beijing, employment outside Beijing accounts for 37.51%, which is higher than the previous year. Specifically, from the perspective of schools, the employment rate of many colleges and universities outside Beijing exceeds 50%. Among them, the employment rate of all Tsinghua University graduates outside Beijing has exceeded 50% for six consecutive years and is increasing year by year.

　　At the same time, the latest research reports released by Zhaopin, BOSS and other institutions show that the number of college graduates who choose to stay in the local job market after graduation has increased due to factors such as the introduction of talent attraction policies in second-tier cities. According to a report released by the BOSS Direct Employment Research Institute recently, in 2018, the overall retention rate of undergraduate students in second-tier cities reached 64%, an increase of 3.5 percentage points compared with 2017. According to the market research on the employability of fresh graduates in 2018 released by Zhaopin, second-tier cities accounted for 25.94% of the expected places of employment, up 4.74% year-on-year.

　　Bai Shuwei graduated from Shanxi University of Finance and Economics and chose to work in Taiyuan Branch of China Shipping Real Estate Group Co., Ltd. after graduation. "Taiyuan has a high life happiness index. My parents are here, and the pressure of life is not so great. Plus, I graduated here and chose to stay in Taiyuan. "

　　Outside the employment area, the types of employment units are also widely concerned. Many well-known universities signed private enterprises in 2018, and the number of graduates exceeded that of state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises. For example, private enterprises accounted for 31.8% in Tsinghua University, while state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises accounted for 29.9% and 5.4% respectively; 27.04% of Shanghai Jiaotong University signed contracts with private enterprises, 19.47% were state-owned enterprises and 19.26% were foreign-funded enterprises. 39.52% of Beihang University signed contracts with private enterprises, while 22.33% were state-owned enterprises and 6.33% were foreign-funded enterprises.

　　The Zhaopin recruitment research report also pointed out that from the actual signing situation, private enterprises have the strongest absorption ability for fresh graduates, and the actual signing ratio is as high as 58.62%. Private enterprises similar to foreign-funded enterprises have become the absolute main force to absorb employment, which shows from one aspect that the growth of private enterprises in China is accelerating. Although the brand awareness of employers needs to be further built, they already have the market strength to compete with multinational companies for the best employers.

　　Realizing personal value becomes an important consideration.

　　— — In the eyes of more and more young people, the standard of a good job is no longer "more money, less work and being close to home", but realizing self-worth.

　　It is worth mentioning that in recent years, more and more college graduates have begun to choose to work in the west and at the grassroots level. Among them, in 2018, 14,827 graduates from universities (including research institutes) in Beijing went to the west for employment, accounting for 9.2% of the employed people; A total of 24,663 people went to the grassroots level for employment, accounting for 15.3%. Among the college graduates in Jiangsu Province in 2018, 338,000 were employed at the grassroots level, accounting for 62.1% of the total employment.

　　Gao Yutang, a graduate of Yinchuan College of China University of Mining and Technology in 2018, is one of many college graduates who have gone to the west and the grassroots for employment. Gao Yutang comes from Wuwei, Gansu Province, and now works in Tuoyun Ranch, Tumushuke City, the third division of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is his voluntary choice to work at the grassroots level. "During my college years, I had more contact with the Youth League Committee of the school and the Youth League Committee of the autonomous region. I was very touched by the experience of several brothers and sisters teaching at the grassroots level. At that time, I decided to go to the grassroots level to exercise after graduation, contribute my own strength and realize my self-worth."

　　According to the Zhaopin recruitment research report, in 2018, the most important factor for college students in the specific job search process is "realizing personal value". In the eyes of more and more "post-90s" and "post-90s", the core standard of a good job is not "having more money and doing less things and being close to home", but being able to realize self-worth in the workplace and engage in jobs that meet your hobbies.

　　Specifically, the number of fresh graduates who choose to "realize personal value" has reached nearly twice that of "making money". 41.70% of the fresh graduates think that the most important factor when looking for a job is that "work is an important part of my personal value", while 26.97% and 23.19% of the fresh graduates think that "work must meet my interests, being happy is the most important thing" and "work is only a means of making a living, and making money is the most important thing".

　　Yang Pengchi graduated from Zhengzhou University in 2018 and is now an employee of China Construction First Engineering Group Construction Development Co., Ltd. When talking about why he chose this enterprise, Yang Pengchi said: "Because both parents are engaged in construction, they have always been interested in the construction industry. China Construction First Bureau is a central enterprise. It ranks high in the whole system, has strong strength and a large platform, and has many opportunities to learn and exercise. " In Yang Pengchi’s view, interest and self-improvement are the main reasons why he chose China Construction First Bureau.

　　Bai Shuwei said: "The reason why I chose China Shipping Real Estate is mainly due to my own development and interest. China Shipping Real Estate is an excellent company, which has always had a good reputation in the industry. I think it is very important to be able to receive systematic training just after graduation, and I have always been very interested in the real estate field, which coincides with the major I have studied in the undergraduate course. "

　　First job, get down to work first.

　　— — Last year, the employment satisfaction of college graduates was generally high; In 2019, the number of college graduates reached 8.34 million, and the employment challenge was not small.

　　Are the college graduates satisfied with their first job?

　　Four of the five college graduates interviewed in this interview are satisfied with their current jobs. Gao Yutang said: "I am very satisfied with my present job. The salary is good, the government is also very concerned about our lives, and leaders will come to express their condolences to us on holidays. "

　　Yang Pengchi also said that he is very satisfied with his current work. "The company’s welfare benefits are very good, and the salary is relatively competitive. It didn’t take long to catch up with the company to adjust the salary, which increased a lot, much higher than the expected salary, and there are still many opportunities for learning and growth here."

　　Combing the employment quality reports of college graduates, it is found that in 2018, the satisfaction of college graduates is generally high, with many college graduates’ employment satisfaction exceeding 70%, and some even exceeding 90%. For example, the undergraduate students of Shanghai Jiaotong University are 94.46% satisfied with the signing work, and the graduate students are 95.06% satisfied with the signing work. The job satisfaction of the 2018 doctoral students in Southeast University is 95.52%; Among the employed graduates surveyed in Sichuan University, 93.75% are basically satisfied with their current jobs, up 1.25 percentage points from 92.50% in 2017.

　　However, due to factors such as salary and future development expectations, some graduates are not satisfied with their current jobs and even have plans to change jobs. Xu Yao (pseudonym), a graduate student from Hangzhou Dianzi University, now works for an Internet company in Beijing. She said to the author: "The company atmosphere is quite good, and the work is much easier than other Internet companies, and there is not much pressure. However, the salary is low, so I have plans to change jobs. I hope to find a company with higher salary and broader career development space in the future. "

　　Not long ago, a research report released by 58 cities showed that the average expected salary of domestic fresh graduates was 8,431 yuan/month, while the average salary paid by enterprises was 7,915 yuan/month. There was a certain gap between them. Among them, the top three expected salaries of college students are Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing, with an average expected salary of 12,992 yuan/month, 12,070 yuan/month and 9,771 yuan/month, respectively, and the corresponding salaries paid by urban enterprises are 11,463 yuan/month in Beijing, 10,689 yuan/month in Shanghai and 8,743 yuan/month in Nanjing.

　　Insiders pointed out that it is normal that there is a certain gap between expected salary and actual salary, and graduates’ expectations of salary level should be relatively rational. Judging from the overall employment situation of college graduates in 2018, learning professional knowledge well, having internship experience, making full use of campus channels, and making career planning in advance are all helpful to college students’ employment. In addition, college students can pay more attention to employment opportunities outside hot cities and traditional hot industries, especially in combination with key areas of national strategic development, and seek help and support in the development of the times; At the same time, position and choose from your own interests and abilities to enhance the sustainability and stability of long-term career development.

　　Judging from the situation in 2019, the number of college graduates reached 8.34 million, an increase of 140,000 compared with 2018, reaching a new high. How to better promote college students’ employment?

　　Qiu Xiaoping, vice minister of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, recently pointed out that the implementation of the employment promotion plan for college graduates will be the starting point to guide graduates to work in urban and rural grassroots, central and western regions, hard and remote areas and small and medium-sized enterprises; Support college graduates to start their own businesses; Strengthen employment service, and continue to carry out activities such as public employment talent service into campus, joint recruitment in large and medium-sized cities, and centralized employment guidance; Carry out difficult assistance, provide employment services to unemployed college graduates in real-name registration system, and implement measures such as job information promotion, vocational training and entrepreneurship support.

　　Qiu Haifeng, Shi Ruochen and Zhang Jiefan