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A healthy body is the foundation of a happy life.

How healthy are you? There are eight standards here. If you can reach more than five, it will be great. Look at how many you have won!

1. Eat every meal and sleep well.

People in this life, in addition to relying on air and water, but also inseparable from the nourishment of food.

Eating three meals a day is not only food, but also building materials for the body and a continuation of life.

Reasonable eating habits can effectively delay aging and enhance immunity. Many common diseases of middle-aged people, such as diabetes and gout, are related to long-term intake of excessive greasy and spicy food.

Staying up late is also the enemy of the body, which disrupts the biological clock and affects the balance of the body. Therefore, if you want to be healthy, you must eat and sleep on time, and give your body an orderly and temperate lifestyle.

2. Peace of mind and emotional stability

The quality of life depends on people’s mood.

Emotionally, it is easy to get angry and get angry easily, which will not only damage interpersonal relationships, but also endanger health.

Anger will make the nervous system in a state of tension, leading to a decline in sleep quality, and problems such as dreaminess, shallow sleep, fright and insomnia appear.

The way to preserve one’s health is to cultivate "Qi" first, which is a truth. If you often lose your temper and your mood fluctuates greatly, your health will stay away from you. Keeping a good mood and not getting angry easily is also a kind of self-cultivation.

3. Using the temporal motion of debris

There is a lot of fragmented time in life, which allows you to exercise.

For example, walking more than 100 meters with things, getting up in the morning, jumping rope to do stretching; Between work, shake your head; Free after dinner, walk the stairs and play Tai Chi …

Although the time is not long, this random exercise is of great benefit to the body.

4. Drink water very often and eat very miscellaneous.

A cup of warm water in the morning cleans the stomach; A cup of warm water at night can reduce blood viscosity and prevent heart disease; Drinking more water every day to keep the body hydrated can also prevent kidney disease.

The effect of eating miscellaneous food is also remarkable. Of course, this "miscellaneous" is not eating and drinking, but the "miscellaneous" of scientific diet.

Beans and bean products should be eaten; Milk and dairy products should be matched; Meat and vegetables should be properly matched, and coarse and fine grains should also be eaten, with many kinds and complete nutrition.

5. Will clean things regularly.

Not willing to give up, not letting go and not giving up are the root causes of people’s pain and trouble.

Just like the house is full of things, I always feel that it will come in handy one day, but I didn’t expect that the room is getting more and more messy and my mood is getting heavier and heavier.

Some things, not the more the better. From things to the heart, excessive accumulation, the greater the burden, the worse the health. If you are a person who will tidy up regularly and give up decisively, congratulations, you have met another one.

6. Keep your weight within range

Good health, weight is a reference.

Truly healthy women are masters of "moderation" and will never let weight become the pressure of life.

Only by managing your weight can you manage your life. Keep your weight at a reasonable level, just be healthy, beautiful and worry-free.

7. Pay attention to dental health

Teeth are the strongest organs of the human body. Although they are not made of iron, they will not be easily destroyed. Its damage has a great impact on human health and is also an important inducing factor for many diseases.

If you want to be strong and eat sweet, a good tooth is indispensable. Because of the lack of dental health, it will increase the load of gastrointestinal tract and affect the absorption of nutrition, thus affecting human health.

8. Have a partner who knows the cold and knows the heat

A warm partner is most concerned about your happiness and knows your heart best. No matter how difficult the environment is, if someone accompanies you, there will be inexplicable comfort; No matter how hard the life is, if someone shares it, it will be inexplicably sweet.

With the right partner, your life will go smoothly. He will grow and progress with you to overcome the problems and unexpected challenges of ordinary life.

On the other hand, if the partner is not in harmony, people will be dragged on and tired, and their body and mind will not be healthy.

Original title: "Eight signs of women’s health, how many did you win?" 》

Read the original text

Beijing Zhengban Fa [2018] No.37

District People’s governments, municipal government commissions, offices and bureaus, and municipal institutions:

　　With the consent of the municipal government, the Beijing Action Plan for Accelerating Collaborative Innovation of Medical Health (2018-2020) is hereby printed and distributed to you, please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation.

General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government

September 27, 2018

Beijing Action Plan for Accelerating Collaborative Innovation of Medical Health (2018-2020)

　　This action plan is formulated in order to thoroughly implement the State Council’s decision-making and deployment on promoting the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry, conscientiously implement the Guiding Opinions of Beijing Municipality on Accelerating the Development of the Pharmaceutical and Health Industry through Scientific and Technological Innovation, further promote the high-quality development of the pharmaceutical and health industry in this city, and accelerate the construction of the collaborative innovation system of Industry-University-Research.

　　I. General requirements

　　(A) the guiding ideology

　　Comprehensively and thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, take Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era as the guide, conscientiously implement the spirit of the important speech delivered by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader to Beijing, adhere to the new development concept, give full play to the advantages of science and technology and talents in the capital, follow the law of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development in medicine and health, aim at bottlenecks and common needs, and focus on key areas such as frontier technologies in life sciences, emerging industries where doctors and workers cross, and sophisticated pharmaceutical industries. Efforts will be made to deepen the reform of institutional mechanisms, gather innovative elements, strengthen collaborative innovation, optimize the business environment, and continuously improve the level of medical health innovation and development, providing strong support for building a national science and technology innovation center, building a sophisticated economic structure, and promoting high-quality development.

　　(2) Basic principles

　　Adhere to the problem orientation. Grasp the key links such as basic research, transformation of achievements and industrialization, deeply analyze the key and difficult problems faced by medical health innovation and development, make precise efforts, make comprehensive policies, fill shortcomings, strive to break down institutional and institutional obstacles, and effectively solve the "stuck neck" problem that restricts development.

　　Pay attention to original innovation. Grasp the frontier development trend of life science and biotechnology, focus on the research and development of innovative drugs and high-end medical devices, take universities and research institutes as the source of innovation, increase the intensity of basic research, strengthen the output of original achievements, and enhance the ability of independent innovation.

　　Strengthen collaborative transformation. Give full play to the advantages of innovative resources, especially medical innovative resources, and carry out collaborative research with major clinical application needs as the traction; Actively guide medical institutions to strengthen cooperation with enterprises, smooth the channels for the transformation of scientific research achievements of medical institutions, realize the collaborative innovation of Industry-University-Research medical institutions, and effectively promote the transformation of achievements.

　　Promote high-end development. Accelerate industrial transformation and upgrading, vigorously promote the integration of medical health with artificial intelligence and big data technology, actively cultivate emerging formats, and provide new kinetic energy for industrial development; Intensify efforts to guide the gathering of various international innovation factors, actively promote the extension of industrial value chain to the high end, and optimize the construction of high-end industrial system.

　　(3) Development goals

　　By 2020, we will introduce and cultivate a number of world-class innovation teams and a number of key enterprises with strong independent innovation capabilities, and the original innovation capabilities will continue to lead the country; The professional incubation ability has been significantly improved, and the transformation system of scientific and technological achievements has become more sound; The innovation system and mechanism of medical institutions have been further improved, the level of clinical research has been greatly improved, and the spillover effect of medical resources has been significantly enhanced; The industrial policy has been further refined, the industrial elements have been further concentrated, the industrial environment has been further optimized, and the Industry-University-Research medical collaborative innovation system has taken shape; The scale of the industry has further expanded, with an additional development space of about 10 square kilometers, and the main business income has reached 250 billion yuan.

　　Second, the key tasks

　　(A) to strengthen basic research and achievements transformation, enhance innovation ability.

　　1. Increase support in key areas. In some frontier areas, new R&D institutions will be built, and at the same time, a number of scientific apparatus will be laid out to support the cultivation of original innovation achievements and accelerate the breakthrough of frontier technologies. Formulate a catalogue of key directions for collaborative innovation and development of medical health in Beijing, focus on supporting basic research such as stem cells and regenerative medicine, brain science and brain-like medicine, structural biology, synthetic biology and protein omics, promote the development of technologies such as immunotherapy, gene detection and new sequencing, multimodal and cross-scale biomedical imaging, and promote the development of innovative drugs, high-end medical devices, and the integration of medical health with artificial intelligence and big data technology. (Responsible unit: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission)

　　2. Strengthen the professional incubation capacity building. Improve the incubation capacity of professional incubators in Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Haidian District and Daxing District, and strengthen comprehensive services such as evaluation and consultation, intellectual property rights, law and finance. Pilot the construction of professional incubators in Zhongguancun Life Science Park and other parks, and select international operation management institutions; Actively promote the pilot experience and build a number of professional incubators in the concentrated areas of colleges and universities, research institutes and medical institutions. (Responsible units: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee and relevant district governments)

　　3. Accelerate the upgrading and construction of Zhongguancun Life Science Park. Establish the strategic steering committee of Zhongguancun Life Science Park, and improve the management structure and working mechanism of the park. Optimize and upgrade the service functions of Zhongguancun Life Science Park in the first and second phases, and start the planning and construction of the third phase. Introduce international park management service team, third-party R&D and production service enterprises, professional intermediaries, social capital and other supporting elements, actively create a world-class innovation and development environment in line with international standards, and strive to make Zhongguancun Life Science Park a professional park with global influence, providing strong support for strengthening original innovation in the field of medicine and health. (Responsible units: Zhongguancun Management Committee, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Haidian District Government, Changping District Government, Zhongguancun Development Group)

　　(B) improve the level of clinical research, play a spillover effect.

　　4. Improve the level of clinical research and experiment. Further speed up the layout of the national and Beijing clinical medical research centers and give full play to their leading role in clinical research. Adopt the co-construction mode of medical institutions, universities, scientific research institutes and enterprises, introduce an international operation management team, pilot the construction of independent clinical trial hospitals, and actively explore the sustainable operation mechanism. Support tertiary medical institutions to set up research wards to carry out high-level clinical medical research; On the basis of the existing drug clinical trial institutions, explore the establishment of clinical trial collaborative network in various ways to solve the problem of insufficient resources such as clinical trial beds in tertiary medical institutions and effectively support the needs of clinical trials. (Responsible units: Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Food and Drug Administration, Municipal Hospital Administration, Zhongguancun Administrative Committee, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, Changping District Government, Haidian District Government)

　　5. Optimize the system and mechanism of scientific and technological innovation in medical institutions. Promote the transformation of clinical trials and results as an important basis for the performance evaluation of medical institutions and the evaluation of personnel titles. We will adjust and improve the post setting of medical institutions, the pricing of scientific and technological achievements, the distribution of income disposal, and the exemption of key management personnel from due diligence, and issue detailed rules for the implementation of medical institutions to encourage scientific and technological innovation and the transfer and transformation of achievements. Improve the construction standards of scientific research houses in medical institutions, and ensure the scientific research land of medical institutions undertaking clinical trials. (Responsible units: Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Planning and Land Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Hospital Administration, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee and relevant district governments)

　　6. Guide medical institutions to accelerate the transformation of results. Strengthen the collaboration between medical institutions and enterprises, and explore the establishment of a collaborative innovation research institute for medical health to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Explore the establishment of medical health innovation and transformation funds by medical institutions, joint ventures, social capital, industrial technology alliances, etc., to support medical science and technology innovation and transformation of achievements. (Responsible units: Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission, Municipal Hospital Administration, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau)

　　7. Promote the co-construction and sharing of medical and health data. On the basis of the clinical data and sample database of major diseases in Beijing, we will build a unified, open and shared biological sample database, a health big data center and a digital clinical research network in the city to promote the standardization of clinical medical data and the open interoperability of inter-hospital data. (Responsible units: Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission, Municipal Hospital Administration, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission)

　　(C) focus on cultivating key enterprises to enhance core competitiveness

　　8. Strengthen the overall service of key enterprises. Strengthen the follow-up service for key enterprises, keep abreast of the development trends and needs of enterprises, strengthen departmental linkage and policy integration, and solve the problems encountered by enterprises in the process of R&D, production and operation in a timely manner by means of "one enterprise, one policy, one thing and one discussion". (Responsible units: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, Municipal Food and Drug Administration, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau)

　　9. Promote the innovation and development of R&D enterprises. Study and establish a green channel for the approval of innovative varieties, and coordinate and accelerate clinical trials; After the varieties are mature, we will support R&D enterprises to develop into production-research integration enterprises, build high-end product production lines, and promote the transformation and large-scale production in Beijing. (Responsible units: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Food and Drug Administration, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and relevant district governments)

　　10. Support production enterprises to become stronger and bigger. In terms of production line upgrading, scale expansion of listed varieties, secondary development of key varieties, international market expansion, listing financing and mergers and acquisitions, we will increase support to promote enterprises to continuously enhance their core competitiveness. (Responsible units: Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Zhongguancun Management Committee)

　　11. Strengthen third-party R&D and production services. Introduce high-end service-oriented institutions or teams at home and abroad, and encourage the construction of third-party R&D service platforms and OEM service platforms that meet international standards; Strengthen policy guidance, provide support for international certification of platform technical standards and quality specifications, and ensure supporting conditions such as capital, land and factory buildings. (Responsible units: Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Municipal Finance Bureau and Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau)

　　12. Accelerate the establishment of production and professional service platforms. In Haidian District and Changping District, a thousand-liter pilot service platform for biopharmaceuticals will be built to meet the demand for commissioned production of scientific research samples and clinical trials of innovative subjects. In Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, relying on professional service enterprises with strong existing technical strength and complete software and hardware conditions, we will build a 100,000-liter biopharmaceutical OEM production service platform to realize the large-scale production of antibody drugs and cell therapy drugs. (Responsible units: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee and relevant district governments)

　　13. Support the development of multinational companies in Beijing. Make full use of the international cooperation channels of universities and research institutes, actively connect with the world’s top medical and health multinational companies, and support them to build their headquarters and R&D centers in Beijing. Focusing on the strategic adjustment of R&D centers of multinational companies, we will do a good job in docking services and adopt various cooperation modes to promote talent teams and key projects to land in Beijing. (Responsible units: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Municipal Economic Information Commission)

　　14 to promote the innovation and development of Chinese medicine industry. Relying on the institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutes in the field of traditional Chinese medicine in this city, we will promote the integration of traditional Chinese medicine theory and modern science, strengthen the construction of modern technology platforms such as the design and optimization of traditional Chinese medicine and the system control of pharmaceutical process, and further increase the research and development and transformation of classic prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine and in-hospital preparations. Give play to the leading role of leading enterprises in innovation, strengthen the research and development of new Chinese medicine and the secondary development of large varieties of Chinese medicine. Support Chinese medicine enterprises to use standardized, automated and intelligent technologies to transform and upgrade traditional processes, and give full play to the preventive and therapeutic effects of Chinese medicine on major chronic diseases, difficult diseases and senile diseases. (Responsible units: Municipal Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission)

　　(D) Improve industrial development factors and optimize the business environment.

　　15. Promote the development of industrial agglomeration. The relevant areas that list the medical and health industry as the leading industry should make strategic plans for industrial development as soon as possible, make clear the new space and speed up the industrial layout. The northern part (Haidian District and Changping District) should give full play to the scientific research advantages of Zhongguancun Science City in basic research and cutting-edge technology of medicine and health, and form a strong support for industrial development; In the southern part (Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone and Daxing District), in the planning and utilization of land space, we should strengthen the guarantee for the development of medical and health industry, guide the centralized layout of enterprises and projects, and further enhance the advantages of high-end manufacturing agglomeration. (Responsible units: Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Planning and Land Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, relevant district governments and Zhongguancun Development Group)

　　16. Optimize the service system of the park. Strengthen the evaluation of medical and health professional parks, further clarify the functional orientation of parks, and strengthen the planning and service system construction of parks. R&D parks should strengthen the construction of soft environment, build investment and financing platforms, one-stop comprehensive service platforms and international exchange and cooperation platforms, and create an open and shared academic environment; Manufacturing parks should rationally arrange industrial space, speed up "changing cages for birds", build a service platform for OEM production, and strengthen the professional service capacity building of parks. Actively hold industrial forums and academic activities with international influence to build a platform for investors, scientists and entrepreneurs to communicate. Further improve the service level of the "one-stop" public service platform for entry and exit inspection and quarantine of special articles and biological materials of animal and plant origin in Zhongguancun Life Science Park and the "biochemical reagent Centralized Supervision Platform for Entry and Exit" of Zhongguancun International biochemical reagent Logistics Center in Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, and improve customs clearance efficiency. (Responsible units: Zhongguancun Management Committee, Municipal Economic Informatization Committee, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, relevant district governments and Zhongguancun Development Group)

　　17. Encourage the procurement and application of innovative products. Study and formulate evaluation and screening standards and identification procedures for innovative products of medical health, form a catalogue of new technologies and new products (services) in the field of medical health, and promote their inclusion in policy support systems such as government procurement and popularization and application. Municipal medical institutions set up a rapid evaluation and approval system for the procurement of innovative products on a pilot basis, and encourage the procurement of products in the catalogue of new technologies and new products (services) in the field of medicine and health. Conscientiously implement the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Improving the National Essential Drug System (Guo Ban Fa [2018] No.88), and actively promote the inclusion of innovative products and drugs that have passed the consistency evaluation in the national and municipal essential drug lists. (Responsible units: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission, Municipal Food and Drug Administration, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Hospital Administration, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau)

　　18. Optimize the price management methods of new medical services. Deepen the reform of medical service price, speed up the formulation of detailed rules for the implementation of price management of new medical service items in public medical institutions in this Municipality, explore the implementation of dynamic management, and speed up the evaluation of new diagnosis and treatment technologies and products with strong innovation and high clinical application value when approving new medical service charges. (Responsible unit: Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission, Municipal Development and Reform Commission)

　　19. Accelerate the implementation of the drug listing license holder system. According to the requirements of the State Council on the pilot system of drug marketing license holders, we will speed up the formulation of implementation plans from the aspects of review, approval, supervision and management, further encourage drug innovation and improve drug quality. (Responsible units: Municipal Food and Drug Administration, Zhongguancun Management Committee)

　　20. Increase innovation incentives. Relevant areas with the medical and health industry as the leading industry should study and introduce measures to give corresponding incentives to enterprises whose main business income reaches a certain scale for the first time, whose major innovative varieties are first approved for listing in China or approved for listing in European and American countries, and whose generic drugs pass the consistency evaluation. (Responsible units: Municipal Economic Information Commission, Zhongguancun Administrative Committee, Municipal Food and Drug Administration, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee and relevant district governments)

　　Third, safeguard measures

　　(1) Strengthen overall coordination. Establish a joint meeting system, regularly consult and dispatch, coordinate and promote the collaborative innovation of medical health in this city, coordinate and solve key and difficult problems in industrial development in a timely manner, and ensure the effective implementation of the action plan. Set up an expert steering Committee to provide advice on the organization and implementation of the action plan.

　　(2) Pay close attention to the implementation of tasks. Relevant municipal departments and relevant district governments should conscientiously perform their duties, formulate supporting policies and measures and refine the implementation plan in light of the actual situation. The municipal government authorizes Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Haidian District, Daxing District and Changping District to independently decide on individual projects with total government support of less than 1 billion yuan. Establish a dynamic assessment system, include the completion of the action plan in the assessment index system of relevant departments and districts, strengthen inspection and evaluation, and promote the implementation of the action plan.

　　(3) Strengthen talent support. Select top talents and teams with international influence, and provide continuous and stable support through the establishment of Beijing Medical Health Frontier Innovation Project. Give full play to the role of various talent training platforms, and strive to train a group of high-quality and high-level management talents with international vision. Strengthen the service of top talents and teams in the field of medicine and health, and do a good job in supporting medical care, education and housing.

　　(4) Do a good job in ensuring funds. Focus on innovative drugs, high-end medical devices, and original innovations in the fields of medical health, artificial intelligence, and big data technology, and increase financial investment at the urban level. Relying on Beijing Science and Technology Innovation Fund to set up sub-funds in the field of medicine and health, attract social capital to participate, and actively support innovative projects at different stages. Strengthen investment and financing services such as listing, mergers and acquisitions, and broaden financing channels for enterprises.

Hunan Provincial Price Bureau&ensp;Hunan Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on Issuing<湖南省城市供水价格管理办法>Notice "

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Xiang Jia fu [[2013] No.12

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Hunan Provincial Price Bureau and Hunan Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

Notice on Issuing the Measures for the Administration of Urban Water Supply Price in Hunan Province

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Cities, prefectures and counties(city, district) Price Bureau, Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau (Project Construction Committee, Planning and Construction Bureau), Urban Management Bureau, Public Utilities Bureau, Changsha Water Affairs Bureau, Xiangtan Water Affairs Bureau, Yueyang Tieshan Engineering Management Bureau and Water Affairs Bureau:

In order to give full play to the positive role of price lever in water resources allocation, water demand regulation and water pollution prevention and control, and promote safe water supply and water conservation, according to the Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on Doing a Good Job in Urban Water Supply Price Management (Development and Reform Price [No.1789 [2009]), Guiding Opinions of the National Development and Reform Commission on Doing a Good Job in the Open Pilot Work of Urban Water Supply Price Adjustment Cost, Measures for the Supervision and Examination of Urban Water Supply Pricing Cost (Trial) (No.2613 [2010] of the Development and Reform Commission) and the Decision of the provincial government on Expanding the Economic and Social Management Authority of Counties (Cities) (Order No.249) are now revised.

Attachment: Measures for the Administration of Urban Water Supply Price in Hunan Province

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Hunan Provincial Bureau of Commodity Price&ensp; &ensp; &ensp; Hunan Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

January 10, 2013

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CC: National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Legislative Affairs Office, and all units directly under the Provincial Price Bureau.

Hunan Provincial Bureau of Commodity Price Office&ensp; &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; &ensp; Issued on 15 January 2013

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&ensp;

Measures of Hunan Province for the Administration of Urban Water Supply Price

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chapter one&ensp; general rules

the first&ensp;In order to give full play to the positive role of price lever in water resources allocation, water demand regulation and water pollution prevention and control, promote safe water supply and water conservation, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of both water supply and water users, and promote the sustainable development of urban water supply, these measures are formulated in accordance with the provisions of the Price Law, the Regulations on Urban Water Supply and relevant state documents, combined with the actual situation in our province.

the second&ensp;These Measures shall apply to the price behavior of urban water supply in our province, including public water supply enterprises and non-public water supply enterprises for social water supply.

Article&ensp;Urban water supply price refers to the price of commercial water supplied to users by urban water supply enterprises (including non-public water supply enterprises that supply water to the society, the same below) through certain engineering facilities to purify and disinfect surface water and groundwater to make the water quality meet the standards prescribed by the state.

Article 4&ensp;The price department of the people’s government at or above the county level is the competent department of urban water supply price; Urban water supply departments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, assist the price departments at the same level to do a good job in urban water supply price management.

Article 5&ensp;The price of urban water supply is an important public utility price. According to the principle of unified leadership and graded examination and approval, government pricing management is implemented. The provincial price department is responsible for formulating the measures for the management of urban water supply prices in the whole province and approving the water supply prices in the cities under the jurisdiction of the province; The competent price department of the city under the jurisdiction of the province is responsible for the audit of the water supply price of the city where it is located and the daily supervision of the area under its jurisdiction; County (city, district) price departments responsible for the area of urban water supply price approval and daily supervision. If a water supply enterprise implements cross-administrative water supply, its price shall be examined and approved by the common price department at the next higher level. According to the National Law on Regional National Autonomy, the administrative authority of urban water supply price in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture is determined by the competent price department of the state people’s government and reported to the state people’s government.

chapter two&ensp; Classification and composition of water price

Article 6&ensp;Urban water supply adopts classified water price. According to the nature of use, it is divided into three categories: residential water, non-residential water and special water. The price comparison between all kinds of water prices is unified in the whole province as follows1：1．5：4。

(1) The domestic water for residents refers to the domestic water for residents’ families and troops, as well as the water for school teaching and students’ life that conforms to the national policies.

(2) Non-resident domestic water refers to the water used by industries, business services and institutions.

(3) Special water refers to water used for bathing and car washing.

The specific scope of urban classified water price shall be determined and published by the competent price department of the city where it is located in conjunction with the competent water supply department of the city.

Article 7&ensp;The price of urban water supply consists of water supply cost, expenses, taxes and profits.

(a) the accounting of water supply costs and expenses should follow the relevant provisions of the Measures for the Supervision and Examination of Price Costs Formulated by the Government, the General Principles of Enterprise Finance and the Accounting Standards for Enterprises.

(II) The determination of the pricing cost and expenses of urban water supply shall be verified in accordance with the Measures for the Supervision and Examination of Government-formulated Price Costs and the Measures for the Supervision and Examination of Urban Water Supply Pricing Costs (Trial) of the National Development and Reform Commission.

(three) the tax included in the price of urban water supply shall be audited according to the provisions of the national tax law.

(four) the profit in the price of urban water supply shall be determined according to the profit rate of net assets.

Article 8&ensp;The reasonable profit level of urban water supply enterprises is determined according to different sources of funds.

(a) mainly invested by the government, the enterprise’s net assets profit rate is not higher than.6％；

(two) mainly invested by enterprises, including the use of loans, the introduction of foreign capital, the issuance of bonds or stocks and other ways to raise funds to build water supply facilities, the profit rate of net assets during the repayment period is not higher than.12%, after the repayment period, the profit rate of the enterprise’s net assets is not higher than 10%.

Article 9&ensp;Price and water supply departments at all levels should urge urban water supply enterprises to strengthen the assessment of water intake, water supply, water sales and various water use ratios, and strictly control the water loss in all aspects of water production, transmission and distribution and water sales within a reasonable range.

(a) the reasonable loss of the water-making process, that is, the difference between the water intake and the water supply (the water used by the water plant), is determined according to the water quality and the water-making process, but the maximum shall not be exceeded.10%。

(2) The reasonable loss of water transmission, distribution and sale is the difference between water supply and water sale (the difference between production and sales), which is determined by combining the scale of urban water supply, the old and new degree of pipe network and the rate of meter reading to households. The ratio of urban water supply enterprises directly reading meters to household users is in20% and below, the production and marketing slip shall not exceed 18%, and the ratio of urban water supply enterprises directly reading meters to household users (including residential users covered by wholesale prices) is above 20%. For every 10 percentage points increase, the production and marketing slip shall increase by 1 percentage point, but the maximum shall not exceed 26%.

Article 10 Advocate the use of reclaimed water in municipal public facilities such as urban fire protection, sanitation and greening. If reclaimed water cannot be used for the time being and urban water supply is needed, meter charging shall be implemented. If meter charging conditions are not available for the time being, water supply enterprises shall apply for the annual water supply of the city.3-5% of the water is purchased by the city government at the first step price of residents’ domestic water.

Urban water supply enterprises shall provide free water for urban low-income families and poor families, and water supply enterprises shall apply to the city government for corresponding water fee subsidies.

chapter three&ensp; Establishment of water price

Article 11&ensp;The pricing of urban water supply should follow the principles of cost compensation, reasonable income, water conservation and fair burden.

Article 12&ensp;In addition to the classified price of urban water supply, conditional cities should implement it."two-part system" and "three-step" water price system.

"Two-part system" refers to the water price system that combines capacity water price and metering water price. Capacity water price is used to compensate the fixed cost of water supply; Metered water price is used to compensate the operating cost of water supply.

Article 13&ensp;When the domestic water price of urban non-residents is two-part, it should be connected with the relevant provisions issued by the state on the progressive price increase of fixed water and over-fixed water.

Article 14&ensp;The calculation formula of two-part water price is as follows:

1. Two-part water price = capacity water price+metering water price

2. Capacity water price = capacity base price × capacity base of each household;

3. Base price of capacity = (annual depreciation of fixed assets+annual investment interest in fixed assets)/annual water production capacity.

4, residents’ domestic water capacity water price base = average population per household × planned average consumption per person per month;

5. The water price base of non-resident domestic water capacity is: the average water consumption in the previous year or three years, and the new water users are calculated according to the approved water consumption;

6. Metered water price = base metering price × actual water consumption;

7. Base price of measurement = [cost+expense+tax+profit-(annual depreciation of fixed assets+annual investment interest in fixed assets)]/annual actual water sales.

Article 15&ensp;A progressive price increase system for non-resident domestic water and special water is implemented. On the basis of the implementation of water quota management by the competent water supply department, the water price of the household terminal shall be implemented within the quota (planned) water consumption, and the water price shall exceed the plan and quota.The price of water within 20% will be increased by 50%, the price of water exceeding 20% and less than 40% will be increased by 100%, and the price of water exceeding 40% will be increased by 150%.

Article 16&ensp;Urban residents’ domestic water consumption can be based on the realization degree of direct meter reading and charging by urban water supply enterprises, and the step-by-step metering of water price can be implemented, reflecting the principle of using more water and paying more.

The stepped metering water price is divided into three levels, and the grade difference is1：1.5：2。

The calculation formula of stepped metering water price is as follows:

1. Step-by-step metering water price = first-level water price × first-level water base+second-level water price × second-level water base+third-level water price × third-level water base;

2, residents’ domestic water metering water price level 1 water base = average population per household × planned average consumption per person per month;

The average number of people per household is determined according to the number announced by the local government statistics department.

Article 17&ensp;The first-level water base of stepped water price for residents’ domestic water shall be formulated in accordance with the principle of ensuring residents’ basic domestic water; The secondary water base is determined according to the principle of improving and improving the quality of life of residents; The third-level water base shall be formulated according to the principle of satisfying enjoyment and special needs.

Article 18&ensp;Where the city implements the stepped water price for residents’ domestic water, the first level of water in the province is uniformly determined as per household month.15 cubic meters, the family resident population of more than 4, according to the actual number of nuclear increase of 4 cubic meters per person per month. Two or three water base by the city, county (city, district) price, urban water supply departments according to the national and provincial water quota and promote the improvement of people’s quality of life principle reported to the local people’s government to determine.

All localities shall set up special funds for the water fee income of residents’ domestic water stepped price and non-residents’ domestic water and special water exceeding the quota (plan), and the progressive price increase shall exceed the basic water price.The principle of "take it from water and use it for water" is specially used for the construction of the second water source in the city, the laying of new pipe networks on new roads in the city and the technological transformation of water supply quality. Regularly accept the supervision and inspection of price, urban water supply departments and audit departments.

Article 19&ensp;The calculation method for the classified price of urban water supply is:

1. Basic water price (average water price) = (water supply cost+expenses+taxes+profits)/water sold.

profit= enterprise net assets × net assets profit rate

The tax is the total tax in the same period.

The amount of water sold is the same period.

2. Calculation of various water prices:

Domestic water price for residents= (water supply cost+expenses+taxes+profits)/(domestic water consumption of residents +1.5 domestic water consumption of non-residents +4 special water consumption)

Non-resident domestic water price=1.5× price of domestic water for residents.

Special water price=4× price of domestic water for residents

The classified water sales volume is the same period.

Article 20&ensp;Cities that are dominated by tourism or have obvious seasonal consumption characteristics can implement seasonal water price floating, but the maximum floating rate should not exceed the basic water price.20％。

Article 21&ensp;Water supply enterprises should implement wholesale water supply prices for water supply units or property management communities that have not yet achieved direct meter reading to household users. Wholesale price is based on the amount of water sold and the price of domestic water for residents.6-8% discount.

Article 22&ensp;Encourage urban water supply enterprises to gradually implement unified secondary water supply management. If the secondary water supply facilities are built or transformed and handed over to water supply enterprises for management, the operation and maintenance costs will be included in the cost of water supply enterprises. For residential buildings and other high-rise buildings that have not yet unified the secondary water supply, the price increase standard can be calculated according to the actual pressurized electricity fee and reported to the local price department for the record before implementation.

The calculation method of pressurized electricity charge for secondary water supply is as follows:

Unit pressurized electricity fee= (power of pressurizing facilities× operation time of pressurizing facilities )× electricity consumption unit price/pressurized water volume, or (unit pressurized electricity fee = monthly average pressurized electricity fee/monthly average pressurized water volume)

Article 23 Urban water supply enterprises not only meet the public water supply, but also meet the special needs of direct drinking water and unit production and scientific research voluntarily applied by residential quarters, and their prices are determined through consultation between the supply and demand sides and reported to the local price authorities for the record.

chapter four&ensp; Water price declaration and approval

Article 24&ensp;A water supply enterprise that meets one of the following conditions may apply to the local price department for price adjustment:

(a) according to the laws and regulations of the state, the price is not enough to compensate for simple reproduction;

(two) the government subsidies still can not reach the prescribed rate of return on net assets;

(three) reasonable compensation to expand the investment in reproduction;

(four) water source construction and process and pipe network transformation to improve the quality of water supply.

Article 25 &ensp;The application report for price adjustment put forward by the water supply enterprise should explain the basic situation of the enterprise, the production and operation situation in the past three years (including the changes in income, financial cost and its main components), the specific opinions and reasons for asking for price adjustment, and the impact on various downstream users.

Article 26 After accepting the application for adjusting the price of water supply, the competent price department shall solicit the opinions of the competent water supply department at the same level and supervise and examine the price and cost according to the regulations. County (city, district) price departments have not set up price cost supervision and examination institutions, and should entrust the cost supervision and examination institutions of the price departments at the next higher level to conduct price cost supervision and examination.

Article 27&ensp;The price adjustment of urban water supply is subject to the open system of price and cost.

(1) The cost of water supply enterprises is open. Urban water supply enterprises should make public the relevant operating conditions and cost data of the enterprises, as well as other important information about water price adjustment that the public is concerned about and concerned about through the enterprise website or the website of the local government. The time for the cost disclosure of water supply enterprises is not less thanOne month, the deadline is the day when the water price adjustment hearing is held.

(2) The supervision and examination of pricing cost shall be made public. The competent pricing department of the government may invite relevant NPC deputies, CPPCC members, experts and scholars to participate in the cost supervision and examination, and publish the cost supervision and examination report through the local price government website, explaining the differences between the financial costs of enterprises and the government pricing costs and their causes. The time when the cost supervision and examination is made public is before the hearing of water price adjustment is held.On the 15th, the deadline is the day when the water price adjustment hearing is held.

Article 28&ensp;Price hearing should be held to adjust the price of urban water supply. The specific operation measures of the hearing shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the "Measures for Hearing Government Price Decisions".

If the non-enterprise responsibility leads to the difference between the enterprise financial cost and the government pricing cost, the host of the hearing shall send an invitation to the relevant departments and inform them to explain the promised time and measures at the meeting.

It is advocated to establish a linkage mechanism between urban water supply price and the adjustment of water supply price and water resource fee of upstream water conservancy projects, and it is allowed to take a hearing and adjust the water price year by year.

Article 29&ensp;After the price hearing, the competent price department shall timely report the relevant information of the hearing and the minutes of the meeting to the local government for research opinions, which shall be implemented after the approval of the provincial competent price department, and implemented after the county (city, district) reports to the competent price department at the next higher level for the record.

Article 30&ensp;After the city water supply price adjustment plan is approved, it shall be announced to the public in a timely manner. And from the date of implementation of the price adjustment document, the original price will be implemented for the first meter reading and the adjusted price will be implemented for the second meter reading.

chapter five&ensp; Implementation and supervision of water price

Article 31&ensp;Urban water supply is transported by different water-making enterprises, and each water-making enterprise is allowed to determine the corresponding online settlement price through bidding (or approved by the city price department), but the same classified price must be implemented for water supply in the same city.

Article 32&ensp;Urban water supply enterprises should install meters to households, water supply enterprises directly read meters to households, and charge by metering. Cities that have not yet realized the installation of meters to households and direct meter reading to households should make plans to speed up.In the process of "one household, one meter" transformation, the related transformation costs can be included in the cost of water supply enterprises, or in a period of time, combined with the adjustment of water price, a special fund for household meter transformation of no more than one cubic meter of 0.2 yuan will be set up to enter the water price, and the "one household, one meter" transformation costs will no longer be charged to residents.

Article 33&ensp;Mixed water should be metered according to the water category. If the water consumption is not measured by the water consumption category, the water supply enterprise can verify the proportion of different types of water consumption with the user within the negotiation period to determine the settlement water price. If the water consumption is not measured by the water consumption category due to the user’s reasons, the settlement water price shall be higher.

Article 34&ensp;If an urban water supply enterprise installs water supply network facilities for new and old houses or building facilities without water supply network, it may charge installation and construction fees according to the charging standards approved by the competent price department of the city, county (city, district) where it is located. In addition, no water supply account opening fee, capacity increase fee and other similar fees shall be charged.

Article 35 Sewage treatment fee and domestic garbage treatment fee collected with water fee shall be implemented according to the spirit of relevant provincial documents and the specific provisions of the local government.

Article 36&ensp;City water supply enterprises should pay attention to all kinds of water prices, charging items, charging standards, document basis and price complaint telephone number in the business premises.12358, etc. for publicity.

Article 37&ensp;The water quality and water pressure of urban water supply enterprises should comply with the Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water and the Regulations on the Management of Urban Water Quality. Because the water quality is not up to standard, causing adverse effects and economic losses to users, users have the right to complain to the competent department of water supply, and water supply enterprises should bear corresponding legal responsibilities in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations on Urban Water Supply.

Article 38&ensp;The user shall pay the water fee at the time agreed in the water supply contract in accordance with the prescribed measurement standards and water price standards.

Article 39&ensp;Water supply departments at all levels should establish and improve the supervision system of urban water supply quality, strengthen the management of various water measuring and measuring facilities, and ensure the safety of water quality.

Article 40&ensp;Price departments at all levels shall, jointly with the water supply departments at the same level, strengthen the supervision and inspection of the implementation of urban water supply prices, accept price complaints in a timely manner, and investigate and deal with price violations according to law.

Article 41&ensp;The competent price departments at all levels shall strictly abide by the provisions of these measures, and the price of water supply shall be corrected by the competent price department at the next higher level in violation of the provisions of these measures.

Chapter vi&ensp; supplementary provisions

Article 42&ensp;As mentioned in these Measures"City" refers to cities and counties.

Article 43&ensp;These Measures shall be interpreted by the Provincial Price Bureau.

Article 44&ensp;After the promulgation of these measures, the price of urban water supply will be adjusted. The original "Measures for the Implementation of Urban Water Supply Price Management in Hunan Province" (Hunan Price Service [[2010] No.19) shall be abolished at the same time. In the past, the relevant provisions of our province were inconsistent with these measures, and these measures shall prevail.

&ensp;

　　Guangming net news(Reporter Yang Yanan) On August 10th, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council held a press conference on the prevention and control of the recent epidemic situation. Mi Feng, spokesperson of the National Health and Wellness Commission and deputy director of the Propaganda Department, said that since the issuance of the notice to promote the national mutual recognition of Covid-19’s nucleic acid test results, all localities have quickly organized and implemented it. Some places have innovated and explored some ways of mutual recognition to further facilitate the use of the masses. For example, in some places, the function of querying the results of nucleic acid testing in other provinces and cities and uploading them to Health Treasure has been added, some have online related services of nucleic acid information, and some can switch the nucleic acid testing databases in the province and the whole country at any time. These practices are all for the convenience of the masses, and now they are progressing smoothly.

　　Next, we will further improve the timeliness of information sharing, optimize and improve the management of health codes, and more. If there is no mutual recognition of nucleic acid test results, you can reflect it through the joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council and public message boards set up in various places.

　　Nowadays, in Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia and many other places, you don’t need to exchange foreign currency. You can scan the code with WeChat and Alipay, and you can automatically convert it into RMB payment according to the exchange rate of the day. The scope of mobile payment is constantly expanding. WeChat recently announced that Amsterdam Airport in the Netherlands has become the first WeChat smart flagship airport in Europe to support WeChat applets to book duty-free goods. Users can purchase goods in the applet before arriving at the airport, and after arriving at the airport, they can scan the code to pay for the delivery at the "WeChat delivery point". At present, more than 80% merchants in Amsterdam Airport Schiphol have opened WeChat payment.

　　Why do mobile payment companies compete in the sea? Besides competing for China tourists’ mobile payment wallets, what are the strategies for localization?

　　Cross-border trade demand "forced" mobile payment to go to sea

　　Mobile payment is accelerating the pace of overseas development. Alipay’s overseas offline payment has covered more than 40 countries and regions, and has access to hundreds of thousands of overseas merchant stores including eating, drinking, and transportation. More than 149 overseas international airports around the world have access to WeChat, which supports payment in 13 currencies. As of April 2019, the number of merchants covered by WeChat payment in Europe increased by 3.5 times compared with last year.

　　The overseas development of mobile payment generally begins with "forced by demand". Alipay and WeChat payment cover many merchants in China. With the continuous expansion of "overseas purchase", many overseas merchants also hope to access mobile payment services for China tourists. At this time, third-party payment providers need to help these merchants solve problems such as information and capital circulation, and enhance the overseas consumption experience of Chinese people.

　　According to the White Paper on the Development and Trend of China Mobile Payment Overseas Tourism Market in 2018, the transaction volume of outbound tourists in China accounted for 32% of the total transaction volume, surpassing cash payment for the first time, and nearly 70% of China tourists have become accustomed to using mobile phones to pay overseas.

　　"We have seen the rapid growth of Alipay used by residents in third-and fourth-tier cities and middle-aged and elderly people abroad, which shows that overseas mobile payment is rapidly spreading." Chen Jiayi, director of Alipay International Business Department, said.

　　Fan Wei, senior director of WeChat payment, said that the greatest value of mobile payment is not to reduce the payment speed from a few seconds to a few milliseconds, but to turn a payment into a future sale, and to associate the user’s purchase behavior with the sales data. These are what overseas businesses want.

　　In addition to WeChat and Alipay, UnionPay is gradually increasing the pace of international cooperation by virtue of its channel and cooperation advantages. In November 2018, unionpay international cooperated with Malaysian Axiata Telecom Group to realize its wallet product Boost supporting UnionPay QR code payment service through electronic card issuance. At present, consumers in Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and other places have been able to bind the locally issued UnionPay card on the mobile payment client and scan the code for payment in the global UnionPay QR code merchants.

　　Lowering service threshold and promoting the development of local inclusive finance.

　　In a report on the domestic third-party payment industry, Analysys International mentioned that the domestic third-party payment market, especially in first-and second-tier cities, tends to be saturated, and the upper limit is obvious. The giants have both certain technology accumulation and external expansion needs; As the first entry point of business closed-loop and user’s financial behavior, mobile payment is the "bridgehead" of the company’s outward development and an important part of the global strategic layout of the giant; From the perspective of payment service chain, with the prosperity of cross-border trade and the increasing demand for export consumption, both B-end merchants and C-end users have great market potential.

　　However, the mobile payment has also moved to inclusive finance from improving the overseas consumption experience of Chinese people, and promoted the competitiveness of mobile payment in neighboring countries.

　　According to the data of the World Bank, there are still 2 billion people in developing countries who do not have bank accounts, only 10% of them hold credit cards, and only 21% of those who need loans get loans through formal financial institutions.

　　Ant Financial found that in the densely populated countries along the "Belt and Road", although the economy is on the rise, the financial system is developing slowly and unevenly, and the cost for ordinary people to obtain financial services is very high. Helping local people build local wallets can not only promote the development of local e-commerce and Internet economy, but also greatly lower the threshold for ordinary people to obtain financial services.

　　For example, in India, Thailand, the Philippines and other countries and regions, Alipay has landed nine "Alipay" belonging to local people. Among them, Paytm, which is built in cooperation with India, can charge phone bills, pay water and electricity bills, transfer money, and purchase goods and services online. Half of PayTM’s 250 million users come from second-tier cities and rural areas in India, which has promoted the development of inclusive finance in India.

　　Wang Zhimin, director of the Institute of Globalization and China Modernization of the University of International Business and Economics, said: "Countries are not only strict in financial supervision, but also very sensitive to foreign companies entering the financial industry, and it is also difficult for the people to accept it. Building a local brand e-wallet can promote the process of local digitalization and effectively solve this problem. "

　　The regulatory systems of various countries are not unified or become the biggest obstacle.

　　At a time when the domestic scene has been fully excavated and solidified, mobile payment going to sea is the first choice to expand the transaction scene and increase the transaction scale, but there are some discordant voices. On May 21st, according to Nepal’s Himalayan Times, the Central Bank of Nepal announced that it would ban the use of WeChat payment and Alipay in Nepal, saying that because China tourists illegally used these payment applications, the money never passed through Nepal’s banking channels, which made it impossible for Nepalese authorities to register the consumption of China tourists as overseas income.

　　In 2016, the Bank of Thailand issued a warning to merchants in the country, reminding merchants in scenic spots in Thailand to pay attention to the risks brought by using "foreign payment platforms" that are not officially authorized; Vietnam also unilaterally announced that foreign electronic payments such as Alipay and WeChat payment are "illegal payment settlement" in Vietnam, and their use is prohibited.

　　Although the relevant payment platform responded that its overseas business has always followed local laws and regulations, it called on users to standardize the use of bar code payment services according to the "Collection Code Agreement". However, Douglas Warner, a professor at the University of Hong Kong, believes that the disunity of regulatory systems in various countries may be the biggest obstacle for China’s mobile payment enterprises to expand overseas markets. From the security of fund settlement to big data processing, it must conform to the different regulatory systems of countries and regions.

　　In addition to different regulatory systems and foreign countries’ emphasis on personal consumption privacy, the international payment market has been monopolized by several international payment giants such as VISA and MasterCard for more than half a century, mainly in the form of credit card payment. And at this stage, in Europe, America and other countries, credit card payment is still the main payment method for its residents.

　　He Qiang, a professor at the Central University of Finance and Economics, said that mobile payment is an important part of Internet finance. At present, there are obstacles in China’s mobile payment abroad, mainly because financial organizations such as VISA have formulated "Western standards" for mobile payment in the form of alliances, which are difficult to be compatible with China standards.

　　In addition to the consideration of financial security in various countries, infrastructure is also a factor that can not be ignored whether mobile payment can be used. According to statistics, at present, China has more than 5 million base stations, while the United States only has more than 200,000. By 2018, there are 5 million 4G base stations in the world, of which China has more than 3 million, and other 4G base stations are owned by more than 190 countries and regions such as the United States.

　　He Qiang believes that China’s mobile payment industry should be encouraged to continue to develop at home, and the "China standard" for mobile payment should be established as soon as possible in the international field. At the same time, it is necessary to speed up the integration of different mobile payment standards in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and establish a world benchmark for regional mobile payment interconnection. (Reporter Li He)

According to public information, Zhixiang Life Electric Appliance Manufacturing Co., Ltd. was established recently. The legal representative is Xu Pingping, with a registered capital of 10 million yuan. Its business scope includes: research and development of household appliances; Household appliances manufacturing; Sales of household appliances; Sales of spare parts for household appliances; Retail of household appliances; Repair of household appliances, etc. According to the equity data, the company is wholly owned by Guangdong Midea Environmental Electric Appliance Manufacturing Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Midea Group.

　　Optimize automobile purchase restriction, distribute consumption subsidies, facilitate second-hand car trading, and strengthen the construction of charging facilities &hellip; &hellip; Recently, the central and local governments have introduced a number of measures to promote automobile consumption, starting from various aspects, to promote the further development of the domestic automobile industry market. According to industry insiders, the central government has repeatedly emphasized the promotion of automobile consumption, and local governments have also taken diversified measures, reflecting that China’s automobile industry has great development potential at the current stage of transformation and upgrading, and a number of policies have further promoted the automobile consumption market, which will help to play its role in driving the macro economy.

　　The reporter learned from the National Development and Reform Commission that in order to thoroughly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand and give full play to the basic role of consumption in economic development, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Measures on Restoring and Expanding Consumption, proposing measures such as optimizing the management of automobile purchase and use and expanding the consumption of new energy vehicles. In addition, the National Development and Reform Commission and other 13 departments jointly issued "Several Measures on Promoting Automobile Consumption" (hereinafter referred to as "Measures"), and also deployed to further stabilize and expand automobile consumption from various aspects such as optimizing automobile purchase restriction management policies and strengthening the construction of supporting facilities for new energy vehicles.

　　Chang Tiewei, deputy director of the Employment Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that since the beginning of this year, the retail sales of automobile products in the first half of the year reached 2,240.9 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.8%, driven by various consumption promotion policies, automobile marketing activities and a large number of new models.

　　"At present, China’s automobile consumption recovery trend is stable and positive, and the consumption and export scale of new energy vehicles are outstanding, but there is still room for further tapping potential and upgrading automobile consumption. In view of the outstanding problems found in a large number of investigations, we put forward more pragmatic and effective measures. Including the policy of optimizing the management of purchase restriction, and encouraging the increase of annual car purchase indicators according to local conditions; Promote the rational renewal of vehicles; Reduce the use cost of new energy vehicles and optimize the use environment. " Chang Tiewei said.

　　Li Chunlin, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, mentioned at the routine briefing of the State Council policy held recently that more popular and inclusive support policies will be studied and optimized for the automobile consumption market segment, so as to better meet the people’s multi-level and diversified consumption needs and promote the high-quality development of related industries. "Whether it is automobile consumption or other consumer goods consumption, we must first adapt to changes in demand and create new demand through supply-side structural reforms. At the same time, we will continue and optimize the policy of vehicle purchase tax reduction and exemption for new energy vehicles, and propose that by the end of 2025, vehicle purchase tax will be exempted; It will be halved in 2026 and 2027. "

　　The Ministry of Commerce has also promoted measures to improve the charging infrastructure and support new energy vehicles to go to the countryside, and organized activities such as the "100-city linkage" automobile festival and the "thousand counties and thousands of towns" new energy vehicle consumption season, and launched the national comprehensive information service platform for used cars. Xu Xingfeng, director of the Department of Market Operation and Consumption Promotion of the Ministry of Commerce, pointed out that in the next step, the Ministry of Commerce will focus on optimizing the consumption environment and implementing the policy of downsizing.

　　Various places have also come up with "real money and silver" to support automobile consumption.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Guangdong Provincial Department of Commerce said that in the second half of the year, we will focus on mass consumption, cultural tourism consumption, sales leaders and county consumption. At present, Guangdong is promoting the relaxation of "restricted cards" in Guangzhou and Shenzhen; Support Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other automobile major cities to implement car purchase subsidies, trade in old vehicles for new ones, and expand the sales of new energy vehicles.

　　The Jiangxi Provincial Department of Commerce said that in the second half of the year, the province will focus on holding more than 50 car promotion activities such as the "100-city linkage" car festival. Carry out green smart home appliances to the countryside and trade-in promotions. Further implement the policy of canceling the restrictions on the relocation of used cars, promote the convenient measures of "inter-provincial handling" of used cars, build a platform for inquiring about used car trading information, and accelerate the activation of the used car market.

　　With the support of relevant policies, car companies have also responded positively to jointly promote the growth of the industrial market.

　　In an interview with reporters, GAC Ai ‘an said that the current policies have brought great opportunities to the automobile industry, especially new energy vehicle companies. In addition to the consumption of new energy vehicles mentioned in the policy, Ai ‘an also actively responded to the new energy going to the countryside and the construction of charging infrastructure mentioned in the measures, and is formulating relevant preferential policies for rural vehicles.

　　"The favorable policies issued by the state this time will inevitably open the door of new energy vehicles in the county and township markets and sell new energy vehicles to a wider area. BYD launched a variety of models matching the county and township markets on the product side for new energy going to the countryside, and continuously expanded the county and township market layout to enhance the consumer experience. " The relevant person in charge of BYD said.

　　"Automobile and gasoline consumption account for about 40% of the total retail sales of consumer goods above designated size, and are the pillars of consumption." Cui Dongshu, Secretary-General of the National Passenger Car Market Information Association, believes that cities with less than 4 million cars suggest to release the purchase restriction, which can effectively promote the consumption potential, especially in cities where some purchase restrictions lead to the serious backwardness of urban car ownership, and there is a large room for consumption growth.

　　Ji Xuehong, a professor from north china university of technology, also said in an interview that the recent introduction of a number of automobile consumption promotion policies will help the automobile industry to play an economic role.

　　"China’s automobile industry is in the stage of rapid transition from traditional fuel vehicles to intelligent electric vehicles. The multi-level consumption promotion policies introduced by the central and local governments will help further help the industrial transformation and upgrading and realize the self-reliance and autonomy of China’s automobile industry." Ji Xuehong said, "On the other hand, the automobile industry chain is long and large, and various stimulus policies can play a good role. At the same time, it can also strengthen the linkage between the upstream and downstream industry chains and promote the stable economic growth as a whole."

　　At the same time, Ji Xuehong also pointed out that the promotion of policies needs to further implement the details. "In terms of finance, we can consider moderately relaxing interest rates and reducing the down payment ratio. In terms of products, the continuous development of new energy vehicle technology requires the government to provide more authoritative and reliable data and evaluation to help consumers establish objective and positive cognition and establish the excellent reputation of domestic brands. "

Basic research is the main switch of scientific and technological innovation and the source of all science and technology. In recent years, with the advent of a number of major scientific and technological achievements, China’s science and technology has changed from following to running and leading in some fields, and some fields have even taken the lead in "no man’s land", which puts higher demands on China’s basic research.

Talent is the key to achieve a breakthrough in high-quality basic scientific research. In reality, due to the long period of basic research, many uncertain factors, slow production and difficult transformation of results, how to evaluate and test the training effectiveness and actual contribution of basic research talents has become a major problem that puzzles people.

Under the background of "breaking the four virtues", what problems remain to be solved for talents to engage in research calmly? Especially the assessment, evaluation and incentive mechanism, where should we go?

The charm of basic research lies in the infinite possibilities behind uncertainty.

A few days ago, Pan Leiting, a professor at the School of Physical Sciences of Nankai University, just accepted the mid-term assessment of the school’s talent plan. In the assessment, how many articles have been published, how many projects have been completed, how many students have been taken, what innovations have been made in discipline construction, and what contributions have been made to social services … A series of indicators cover scientific research achievements, teaching effects, social services and other aspects, which are not comprehensive.

"Now the whole country is emphasizing’ breaking the four virtues’, and all units are formulating new evaluation methods. The overall orientation is to evaluate more comprehensively and stereoscopically." Pan Leiting said, "But in practice, some quantitative indicators are intuitive and there is no dispute in judging; Other non-quantitative indicators are relatively vague and difficult to judge. "

For example, the contribution to the discipline construction of the school. "Scholars go out to make a report, is it a contribution? What is the contribution? What is the measure? " In Pan Leiting’s view, these are still unclear places.

"In fact, compared with applied and engineering research, one of the most important forms of basic research, especially theoretical research, is the paper." Wang Chuanyi, deputy director of Tsinghua University Graduate Education Research Center, came straight to the point. "Therefore, the reform of evaluation mechanism requires’ not only papers’, but’ only’ instead of’ papers’."

Wang Chuanyi has been engaged in the research on the effectiveness evaluation of "double first-class" construction and the evaluation of teachers’ scientific research. He feels that over the years, the state has paid more and more attention to basic research and invested more and more. But although everyone has reached a consensus on the importance of basic research, it is still not easy to attract more people to really devote themselves to it. It is recognized as a "long-standing problem" that basic research results are difficult to evaluate and researchers are not motivated enough.

In addition to the fact that the effectiveness of many studies is difficult to be measured by indicators, the scientific effectiveness of an evaluation mechanism is closely related to the characteristics of the subject.

Uncertainty is a key word accompanying basic research. Not every research assumption is absolutely correct, every experiment is sure to be successful, and every subtle research direction will have output. Pan Leiting can’t remember clearly how many twists and turns he and his team have encountered in large and small experiments.

"Many applied research goals are very clear, but basic research is often not. Therefore, it is difficult to do top-level design. " But in Pan Leiting’s mind, the greatest charm of basic research lies precisely in the infinite possibilities behind this uncertainty.

"Many subversive and original research results are often produced inadvertently. The stories of some Nobel Prize winners are the most vivid examples. Therefore, is it appropriate to’ guide’ our research with a set of framed assessment and evaluation mechanisms? " Pan Leiting said.

How to measure the hard work and contribution of scientific research?

Wang Shuangyin, a professor at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hunan University, always remembers an experience many years ago. At that time, he was a postdoctoral fellow in the United States. When the US Department of Energy accepted a project of his tutor, besides the results, it also paid special attention to the number of students trained through the project and the quality of students’ training.

This had a great influence on him. "Basic research projects should focus on the process, and the results should be natural." He believes that some original basic research, in particular, often has a considerable risk of failure. Sometimes, even if it fails, the students’ ability to carry out original research is exercised during the research process, and their scientific research literacy is improved.

Wang Shuangyin himself had this experience. "An experiment didn’t succeed as expected, but it unexpectedly opened up a new perspective. Students may have different surprises and gains in this direction. "

Not every scientific research is so lucky. "In fact, in the process of cultivating a basic research talent, it is normal for three years and five years to produce no results." Wang Chuanyi said frankly.

He also observed that under the current evaluation mechanism, there is indeed a phenomenon that academic circles blindly pursue hot spots and rely on "short, flat and fast" to produce results. "To do popular research, on the one hand, it is easier to publish papers; on the other hand, there are more people engaged in it, and the probability that the results will be cited is greater. The result is a large number of high-impact articles that lack original innovation and cannot meet the needs of the country. "

At the same time, those "unpopular" fields that are difficult to produce results quickly or directly contain the most subversive innovation possibilities, but researchers often retreat from difficulties.

Faced with such a situation, how to measure the "hard work" and "credit" in basic research?

"There are also many scientific workers who treat academic research very responsibly. On the one hand, they are doing projects with fixed time limits and can produce results on schedule. On the other hand, they are constantly accumulating for their long-term academic career." Liu Xiaomin, a research librarian at the Literature and Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that basic scientific research calls for more evaluation mechanisms and systems that combine long and short.

Wang Shuangyin’s feeling is that "hard work" in basic research is more about "emphasizing originality" and "whether to observe new phenomena, reveal the essence of phenomena, develop new methods to explore the essence and guide applied research". Accordingly, the evaluation mechanism should also be close to this aspect.

"Basic research should not blindly pursue hot spots, even if it is a hot spot direction, it needs an unpopular perspective." Adhering to this concept, Wang Shuangyin and his team opened up the research field of defect chemistry of electrocatalysts, and carried out a series of research at three levels: recognizing defects, constructing defects and utilizing defects, thus forming their own research characteristics.

Fault-tolerant mechanism, a test of wisdom and courage

"The time to study for a doctor is generally five years. It doesn’t look short, but it’s really not long. " A "double first-class" university professor with 10 students shook his fingers and counted. "In the first year, I studied basic knowledge, and in the second and third years, I started to do research in the laboratory. In the fourth and fifth years, I will consider graduation. If the research is not successful, graduation may be delayed. Do you still dare to let him engage in those’ unscientific’ but exploratory research? "

This is a common problem faced by basic researchers, and it is called "not only testing students, but also testing teachers" by many tutors. In order to make students graduate smoothly, many tutors will make careful plans according to their own conditions: let some students with graduation pressure engage in "short-term and quick" research, while others will study more challenging "big problems".

A few years ago, the requirements for doctoral graduation in colleges and universities rose. In recent years, with the growing voice of breaking the "five talents", many universities in China have gradually relaxed the requirements for doctoral graduation, which has relieved many people. But another common voice is that a fault-tolerant mechanism that encourages innovation and tolerates failure is too necessary.

In January 2018, the State Council’s Opinions on Strengthening Basic Scientific Research in an All-round Way clearly stated that "a fault-tolerant mechanism should be established to encourage innovation and tolerate failure, and researchers should be encouraged to explore boldly and challenge the unknown".

"Until now, the fault-tolerant mechanism in the evaluation system is still very difficult to achieve." Many experts and scholars said in the interview.

"This incident is a great test of the wisdom, courage and pattern of managers." Gao Yingshuang, deputy director of the Institute of Higher Education of China Academy of Social Sciences, said.

The reality is that when the fault tolerance or accountability of scientific and technological innovation subjects is specifically identified, there is still a lack of clear definition standards and corresponding institutional arrangements on which faults can be tolerated and which faults cannot be tolerated, and there is still no small difficulty in scientifically defining the "faults" that can be tolerated.

Secondly, due to the long-term, exploratory, professional and cutting-edge characteristics of basic research, it is difficult for non-professionals to track and judge all the activities of scientific and technological innovation subjects in the process of coordinating and promoting fault tolerance and strengthening scientific and technological innovation management.

"In this regard, we still need to continue to explore." Gao Yingshuang introduced that because of the epidemic situation, many projects involving extensive field investigation were forced to press the "pause button", but most schools and research institutes will try to make an objective and scientific assessment of the projects according to the actual situation.

No matter how the assessment is made, it is necessary for people to concentrate on scientific research.

The central government clearly put forward that it is important to cultivate and select talents not only by "hats" but also by papers, but it is not easy to do so. A large number of disorderly competitions not only waste scientific research funds, but also hinder the healthy growth of scientific research talents.

"The reality is that there is no’ hat’, and the actual treatment is too different." A vice president of a well-known domestic research institute told reporters frankly. He has seen many people get the "hat" without academic breakthrough and care for the elderly with peace of mind. He has also seen many people get discouraged and enter the state of "muddling along" because they have not got the "hat" within a certain number of years.

In addition, according to the data of a survey of basic research talents, 68.9% of the researchers said that "there are too many chores such as meetings, study and administration, which occupy my research time", and 24.1% of them said "very much agree". There are still many researchers who believe that they spend more time on scientific research management such as project application, mid-term inspection and conclusion, as well as reimbursement of project funds.

To build a team of young scholars who are obsessed with science and have no distractions, it is necessary to create a carefree research environment, release and promote more and stronger creativity. In the interview, experts and scholars issued such an appeal-

"We always yearn for a world that accommodates free exploration." Wang Shuangyin said.

"We should make it clear that the assessment, evaluation and incentive mechanism is to serve researchers in the final analysis, rather than mechanically manage researchers." Gao Yingshuang said.

"We should respect the laws of basic research and build a more systematic, inclusive, flexible and flexible organization from the policy orientation." Pan Leiting said.

"Scientific and reasonable evaluation is needed, but we can’t be led by the so-called’ evaluation’, but let basic research talents rely on their own interests and face the major development needs of the country to explore their own world." Wang Chuanyi said.

"We should encourage more talents, let basic research open a door for international cooperation and exchange, and let our scientific research output lead the world and contribute to human development." Liu Yimin said. (Liu Meng Liu Meng, Yang Sa, Cui Xingyi, Jin Haotian, Chen Peng)

ZAKER Technology reported on October 9 that this afternoon, Lei Jun, the founder of Xiaomi Group, issued a document in Weibo to clarify the statement that "friends are XX" circulating on the Internet.

It is reported that the expression "Friends are XX" first came from the press conference in 2015. At that time, Lei Jun said at the press conference: "The mobile phone industry has become an entertainment industry, which is manifested by endless press conferences, and all the press conferences have a common theme, that is, the glittering five words: friends are XX, among which Xiaomi is XX first. Whether it is discussed or ridiculed by everyone, in any case, through the joint efforts of friends and businessmen all over China, domestic mobile phones have become the mainstream of the market! " However, this statement has been taken out of context by many people for many years.

Wang Hua, general manager of Xiaomi’s public relations department, also issued a document saying that many people really misremembered or didn’t know the whole situation at that time, so that they were misled by the five words taken out of context in the current network. Wang Hua hopes that everyone can help spread it and let more people know the true and complete situation.

Lei Jun himself forwarded Wang Hua’s Weibo, and once again stressed that these five words came from the 2015 conference and were misunderstood by many people. As soon as this remark came out, netizens expressed their views in the comment area. Some netizens said that understanding Lei Jun’s remarks at that time was a kind of self-mockery, while others thought that it was really easy to be taken out of context. (Intern/Ma Junjie)

Huang Tianling used a stone mill to grind the soaked rice into rice slurry, which was used to make raw pressed rice noodles. Reporter Coboo Liang photo

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Speaking of breakfast in Nanning, rice flour is a well-deserved "top flow". In the complicated world of rice noodles, raw rice noodles have won the preference of Nanning people for their unique slightly sour taste.

Nanning’s time-honored Guyuanxiang daily raw rice noodle shop is very popular on major food recommendation websites. Huang Tianling, the operator, is a representative inheritor of Nanning’s raw pressed rice noodle making skills at the autonomous region level, and also the fifth generation of raw pressed rice noodle making skills in the family. In 2016, the production technology of raw pressed rice noodles in Nanning was included in the sixth batch of representative projects of intangible cultural heritage at the autonomous region level.

To understand a bowl of Nanning raw rice noodles, we should start with the production of rice noodles. This is a very exquisite manual work. Before a bowl of traditional raw pressed rice noodles is produced, it has to go through many processes, such as soaking rice, fermenting, grinding, drying, kneading, cooking, mashing and pressing. "Every step is very critical, and if one link is not done well, it will affect the finished product and taste of rice noodles." In the factory area of Nanning Guyuanxiang Catering Management Co., Ltd., Huang Tianling introduced the production process of raw pressed rice noodles to reporters.

The soaking time of rice depends on the weather, and the soaking time is different in summer and winter. After the rice is saturated with water, the water is drained before the next step-fermentation, which is also the source of the "sour taste" of raw rice noodles. "The fermentation temperature is 37℃ and the humidity is 65%. If it is not well controlled, it will affect the quality of rice noodles." Huang Tianling covered the soaked rice with cloth and waited for the "birth" of the strain.

The fermented rice is ground into rice slurry, put in a cloth bag to drain water and press dry, then knead the rice flour dough into grapefruit shape, and cook in a pot until the skin of the rice flour dough is 1-2 cm thick and cooked.

"The heat requirement is particularly accurate. If the rice noodles are cooked too well and cannot be squeezed, they will have to be redone." Huang Tianling said that making raw rice noodles not only tests physical strength, but also tests patience and technology.

In the milling step, put the cooked rice flour dough into a stone mortar, and mash it into a paste that does not stick to your hands, which becomes the rice flour dough used for milling. Finally, put the rice flour dough into the squeezer, and the rice flour will come out in strips and fall into the hot pot. After cooking, use a colander to pass cold water, and then the bowl can be served.

Pour a tablespoon of minced meat in the bowl, pour soy sauce paste on it, and then add chopped green onion, perilla, sour bamboo shoots, sour beans and other condiments according to personal taste, and a bowl of raw rice noodles will be done.

Huang Tianling watched her parents make raw rice noodles since she was a child. This bowl of flour is both a livelihood and a life. 40 years ago, Huang Tianling inherited the production skills of the older generation and turned a roadside stall into one of the best brands of raw rice noodles in Nanning.

"When non-legacy foods enter people’s lives, inheritance will be natural and natural." In Huang Tianling’s view, the core of intangible cultural heritage protection is people, but also people’s skills and knowledge. In 2014, Huang Tianling established Nanning Guyuanxiang Catering Management Co., Ltd. and established a modern large-scale catering central kitchen.

With the changes of the times, the old milling tools have already evolved into mechanized modern equipment. In the rice noodle making workshop of the company’s factory area, the machine rumbles, and nearly 500 kilograms of fresh and wet rice noodles can be produced every day, and about 3,000 bowls of rice noodles can be made.

Old-fashioned tools come alive. Although mechanical operation has greatly improved the production efficiency, every step of making rice noodles needs manual intervention, and the time and humidity of soaking rice and fermentation need to follow the traditional regulations. In recent years, Huang Tianling and her team have worked hard to develop many "special equipment" for raw rice noodles to help the rice noodle production process to be refreshed and upgraded.

The taste of rice noodles is "alive". "The legacy is not static, and it should also keep pace with the times." Huang Tianling said that the biggest difference between raw rice noodles and other rice noodles is the sour taste. Through the improvement of equipment and production links, today’s rice noodles are more accurate and stable in quality, and are more suitable for the tastes of foreign tourists and young people.

The way of inheritance is "alive". Huang Tianling often goes to school to teach students the traditional production skills of raw rice noodles, explain the relevant knowledge of raw rice noodles, and also build a non-genetic inheritance base of raw rice noodles with Zhuangzhi Road Primary School in Nanning. "It is our important responsibility as a non-genetic inheritor to carry forward China’s excellent traditional culture and intangible skills." Huang Tianling said that she has caught up with a good era of cherishing and encouraging intangible heritage. The network communication brought by policy support and social media has also made more young people fall in love with intangible heritage and inherit it.

"In order to make it convenient for everyone to eat a bowl of authentic raw rice noodles at home, we made a dry powder prefabricated bag to make the freshly squeezed delicious’ go further’. However, for diners who love glutinous rice flour, only by going to the scene and going to the local area can they eat that authentic and homesick rice noodle. " Huang Tianling said.