The latest data of cancer in Shanghai is released to talk about the detection of tumor markers.

　　Recently, Shanghai released the relevant data of cancer in Shanghai: the most common cancers in Shanghai are lung cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer and prostate cancer; The most common cancers among women in Shanghai are thyroid cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer and gastric cancer.

　　Cancer prevention is very important! Therefore, many citizens now have a "tumor marker detection" project in their annual physical examination packages! Li Zhou, deputy chief physician of the Department of Oncology and Hematology in a hospital, said that the detection of tumor markers is very common now, because it is very helpful for doctors to choose individualized treatment plans for tumor patients in time.

　　Serum tumor markers refer to substances that are characteristically present in malignant tumor cells, or produced by abnormal malignant tumor cells, or produced by the host’s stimulus response to tumors, which can reflect the process of tumor occurrence and development and monitor the tumor’s response to treatment, and can be detected through human blood, body fluids, tissues or cells.

　　The increase of serum tumor markers may be caused by many reasons. For example, AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), in addition to primary liver cancer, pregnancy, active hepatitis and reproductive system tumors may increase; Because of the different detection instruments or reagents, sometimes there will be false positive phenomenon, and the specific situation should be determined in combination with clinical practice. Therefore, the increase of tumor markers is not necessarily cancer.

　　Not every cancer patient has a high tumor marker.

　　Although the increase of tumor markers has aroused people’s vigilance and enabled some early cases to be intervened in time, it is worth noting that not every cancer patient’s tumor markers will increase. For example, some clinically diagnosed patients with advanced ovarian cancer have always been normal, and there has been no significant change before and after surgery.

　　There are several tumor markers with high sensitivity, such as 70%~90% of primary liver cancer with increased AFP, and the overall positive rate of PSA in prostate cancer is about 70%. It is helpful for the early detection of these two tumors, but there is no 100% sensitive tumor marker at present.

　　For those who have a slight increase in single tumor markers, don’t panic too much. The numerical changes of monitoring indicators can be reviewed regularly, and all common markers can be reviewed as much as possible. Once there is a malignant tumor in the body, several markers may be abnormal. It is of little significance if the value remains at the critical level of the upper limit of the reference value after review.

　　Positive people should actively find out the reasons.

　　Detection of tumor markers is an effective method for early detection of asymptomatic micro-focus tumors, which can be found before X-ray, ultrasound, CT and other examinations. However, positive tumor markers are not necessarily tumors, but only a hint and signal, belonging to high-risk groups, which should be paid attention to.

　　Similarly, being positive does not mean that you can sit back and relax. Positive people should actively find out the reasons, review whether they have bad living habits, and apply effective health intervention, which may be reversed after correction. If they are strongly positive for many times, they should undergo in-depth clinical examination for early detection and early treatment.

　　Special attention should be paid to the following three situations.

　　The increase of single examination is particularly obvious, which is several times the upper limit of normal value.

　　Repeated inspection, the numerical dynamic continues to rise.

　　There is a family genetic history, and tumor markers are increased during tumor screening.

　　In the first two cases, check the most common disease of this marker, such as the increase of CA724. You can check whether there is any gastrointestinal disease first. If there is no abnormality in the gastrointestinal tract, you need to check the liver, esophagus, breast, uterus and accessories. If there is an increase in tumor markers in people with a family history of hereditary diseases, even if there are no symptoms and signs, they must be reviewed and followed up.

　　Long-term follow-up test should choose the same hospital.

　　Different from the results of CT and B-ultrasound, which can be examined and recognized in the same city, it is suggested that patients who need follow-up should choose the same hospital or the same clinical laboratory as far as possible. Because the international standardization of tumor markers is not perfect at present, the results may be different when different hospitals use different methods and different reagents to detect the same marker; The test results obtained by different manufacturers’ test reagents and instruments will also be different; Different antibody labels, different calibrators and different selectivity of analytical instruments will lead to different test results.

　　Therefore, the test results of different hospitals are often lack of comparability, and the long-term follow-up monitoring markers must choose the same hospital so that doctors can make more accurate judgments.

　　Tumor markers can judge the therapeutic effect and prognosis.

　　Tumor markers are widely used to judge the curative effect of malignant tumors and become one of the powerful basis for choosing treatment schemes. The content of markers is closely related to the malignant degree, metastasis and recurrence of tumors. Clinically, the marker level after the initial treatment achieves the curative effect is generally regarded as its specific "individual reference value", and the curative effect is judged according to its dynamic changes. The detection of markers is helpful for doctors to choose individualized treatment plan for tumor patients in time.