Doctors who have frequent influenza in autumn and winter suggest that vaccination is the best way to prevent influenza.

Recently, the flu season is high, and many people have symptoms of sore throat, cough and fever. What’s the difference between flu and cold? Is there a "super magic medicine" to treat the flu? What kind of people should pay special attention to? What are the symptoms of severe influenza? In this regard, the reporter interviewed Wei Yiqun, chief physician of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital.

How to distinguish the flu from the common cold?

Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by influenza virus, which belongs to Class C infectious disease. It is mainly transmitted by close air droplets, and it can also be transmitted by direct or indirect contact with mucous membranes in the mouth, nose and eyes. Contact with patients’ respiratory secretions, body fluids and articles contaminated with viruses may also cause infection. Wei Yiqun said that the flu virus mutates partially every year, so people are generally susceptible to it, especially newborns and the elderly.

"Although the flu and the common cold are both respiratory diseases, they are completely different. A cold generally has no obvious systemic symptoms, mainly accompanied by sneezing, runny nose and other symptoms. Local symptoms are the main symptoms, no symptoms of high fever and poisoning, no seasonality, and sporadic. " Wei Yiqun said, "The flu is completely different. The pathogen is a unique flu virus. Its prevalence generally occurs in winter and spring. There is no incentive for the onset, and it will not occur many times a year. Its biggest characteristics are fast onset, strong infectivity and high incidence rate, and the symptoms are generally fierce. Patients often have serious systemic symptoms such as high fever, chills, headache, fatigue and joint pain. Severe patients will also be complicated with pneumonia, myocarditis and even death. "

Who are susceptible to severe influenza? What are the symptoms of severe influenza?

"Women in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, chronic cardiac insufficiency, chronic renal insufficiency, cirrhosis and other people are prone to severe influenza, so special attention should be paid to the monitoring of signs and hospitalization if necessary." Wei Yiqun said that for high-risk groups, those who meet one or more of the following criteria can be judged as severe influenza, such as persistent high fever for more than 3 days, accompanied by severe cough, expectoration, bloody sputum or chest pain; Breathing frequency is fast, breathing is difficult, and the lips are cyanotic; Mental change: unresponsiveness, lethargy, restlessness, convulsions, etc. Severe vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration; Pneumonia; The original underlying diseases are obviously aggravated.

How to treat the flu? Is there a "super magic medicine" to treat the flu?

So, is there a specific medicine for the flu? Wei Yiqun said that the public should not blindly believe that mabaloxavir and oseltamivir "can reduce fever in one day" and "super magic medicine", and must use drugs rationally under the guidance of doctors and pharmacists.

Wei Yiqun said that the adult dose of oseltamivir is 75mg each time, twice a day, and the course of treatment is 5 days. The dose of severe cases can be doubled and the course of treatment can be extended. When taking mabaloxavir, attention should be paid to avoid taking it together with dairy products, calcium-fortified drinks, laxatives containing some high-valent cations, antacids (non-antacids) and oral supplements containing calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, aluminum or zinc. "This may lead to a decrease in drug absorption and affect the curative effect. When it is necessary to take such preparations, it is best to take more than one hour apart from taking them."

At the same time, anti-influenza drugs can not replace influenza vaccine, and annual influenza vaccination is still the best means to prevent influenza. Unlike oseltamivir, for women during pregnancy, because its impact on the fetus is not clear, therefore, mabaloxavir should be avoided unless the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the fetus. Breast-feeding women should stop breastfeeding or avoid taking mabaloxavir during taking it, so as to avoid the harm of drugs to babies through breast milk.

In addition, Wei Yiqun also suggested that antipyretic drugs should be selected scientifically. "The pharmaceutical ingredients of some compound preparations may overlap with other drugs, and the combined use may cause an excessive amount of one ingredient and cause adverse reactions." Wei Yiqun said.

Original title: "Doctors suggest that vaccination is the best way to prevent influenza in autumn and winter"

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