The child’s mother was too busy, and the "school scum" father shouldered the heavy burden and took the baby to read 600 English books a year.

Original Fu Fu Nuan De Ding Dong Xiao Peanut Net

Mr. Peanut: I haven’t shared the English Raiders with you for a long time. Every time flower friends write such an article, they spend a lot of time and great thoughts, thinking about the scorching summer, and they can’t bear to let everyone "do their homework" …

However, there are many enthusiastic flower friends. No, these two days, we finally waited for this valuable sequel to the "Introduction to Parent-child English".

Remember the popular article "Father and Son Chicken English" nearly a year ago? The picture shows jingling children before entering primary school. …

The hero of the story is two male compatriots, one is a 6-year-old boy who is about to enter primary school at that time, and the other is his father who claims to be an "English scum".

Tinker bell, like many children in China, sang English children’s songs, attended foreign teachers’ training classes and played English apps in the initial stage, but she did not learn systematically and could not read independently.

What should we do? So, the father took a series of simple but effective methods for half a year to take his son across two levels:

1. I never learned to read independently.

2. From reading the simplest classification (Oxford Tree Level 1) to being able to read chapter books (Magic Tree House).

The magic tree house

This process can be called "riding the wind and breaking the waves"!

Last September, Dingdang became a glorious pupil. Blink of an eye, summer vacation is coming, and I will be promoted to two immediately. This year, how did Dingdang’s original English reading progress, and what challenges did she encounter after entering primary school? We are curious.

As a result, the results are gratifying, and Dingdang’s father "reports":

In June last year (before entering primary school), I entered the first chapter reading, in October I entered the middle chapter reading, and in April this year I entered the senior chapter learning. The latest Star test score was 5.7, and the Raz progress was V; This year, I have read about 4.7 million words.

Dingdang Dad’s Raiders (1&2) are very popular in the community for two main reasons:

The experience before going to primary school (the first part) is believed to be of reference value to most of our families who are more Buddhist: children have been enlightened for so long, and the effect is not obvious. How can we "take the children to a higher level" in a short time, so as to improve their English level in essence? …

The experience after primary school (this article) is of reference value to how to take the baby from the "initial chapter" to the "middle and high chapter" and how to keep reading after entering primary school.

Looking at the combination of the upper and lower parts, from enlightenment to high chapter, the complete advanced route and learning resources are also clearly listed, which is very informative, especially suitable for collection and slowly taking the baby to practice. Thank you, Tinker Bell Dad @ 丫丫丫丫丫丫丫!

This article was published in Little Peanut Writing Plan by Huayou @ Fu Fu Nuan Ding Dong; The picture is a jingle in the first grade of primary school. Is it much bigger than the previous picture? …

My son, Dingdang, is almost seven years old (one month short), and he is a little baby who rises to two.

He especially likes reading. When reading, he is quiet and attentive. He likes to tell his family about what he has read about war stories, but he is very shy to go on stage and share it with his classmates.

Because the children are busy with work and travel more, the baby dad finds a balance between work and taking care of the baby, and assumes more responsibility for accompanying the study.

In English learning, Dingdang was enlightened at the age of 4, and has always insisted on following foreign teachers’ learning and original reading, and her oral pronunciation is relatively standard. But at that time, compared with Buddhism, I studied with the fate, and there was no strong purpose.

It was not until last year that I had a whim and wanted to take my baby to school.

In February last year, we officially started reading from the original chicken English, entered the first chapter reading in June, entered the middle chapter reading in October, and entered the senior chapter learning in April this year. The latest Star test score was 5.7, and the Raz progress was V. At this point, I have read about 4.7 million words.

For Dingdang’s English learning, we have had high-light moments of triumph and low-ebb stages of frustration. I thought that I could let go completely when I entered independent reading, but I didn’t expect it to be so difficult. Fortunately, we persisted and stubbornly walked on the road we thought was right.

Now I think there are many places to summarize, so I would like to record the sweat and pits I have stepped on in the process of learning English.

Make a list of books and paths first, and then sum up experiences, lessons and experiences.

In 12 months, I read 635 English books with about 4.7 million words.

Our reading advanced map

Our reading method: ladder climbing theory.

The way we read English is: stick to a main line. After reading a complete set, update a set, just like climbing a ladder, climb up one step at a time, step on it firmly, and then climb up until it reaches a high chapter.

The AR of books read by Dingdang is basically maintained at 0.3-0.5 per set, and the book switching is generally smooth.

There is actually no strict division about the division of senior chapters in junior high school.

On small peanuts, people usually divide the standards and signs as follows:

Lanse index is 500L/ar4.0 (the fourth grade in America), which is the boundary between the first chapter and the middle chapter.

Lanse index is 1000L/ar5.0 (the fifth grade in America), which is the boundary between the middle chapter book and the high chapter book;

The first chapter of the logo book is "Magic Tree House"

The logo book of Zhongzhang is Mouse Reporter.

The logo of Gao Zhang is diary of a wimpy kid.

Our reading progress: reading and listening to 635 books a year, about 4.73 million words.

Raindrop shed full of sunshine, where children read.

Read:

Magic Tree House (55 books) —— > Mouse Reporter (31 regular editions +8 essence editions)/Roald series (15 books) —— > Tree House Fact》/ Kid Tree House (10 books) /Raz Q(80 books) —— > Tree House Fact Raz S(65)-> Harry Potter (5) /Raz T(50)-> How to Train Your Dragon (12) /Raz U(65)-> How to Train Your Dragon (12)/WHO IS/Raz V.

Listen:

Magical Bookstore (55 books) —— > Crazy School (56 books )—— > I Survived (18 books) —— > Kid’s Tree House (10 books) —— > Harry Potter (5 books) —— > How to Train Your Dragon (12 books).

Preliminary statistics are as follows:

Some books are still being collected gradually, and the number of Raz words is estimated to be 1500-2000.

Time is limited when entering primary school.

We read these books from the first chapter to the senior chapter.

After the first grade of primary school, the reading time is limited, and I insist on reading a set before choosing a new series, so we only choose the classic original books.

First chapter book:

1. "Magic Tree House"-the first chapter to test the stone

The book is divided into two seasons, with a total of 55 books, AR2.6-4.2, and a total of 500,000 words. It tells the story of the fantasy journey of Jack and Annie, which is the best choice for the first chapter. When children get used to being good friends with Jack and Annie, they can really adapt to this series of chapter books.

The disadvantage of this series is that the routine is relatively old, and you won’t read this series after seeing the chapters and books in the back.

2. "Crazy School"-lively and interesting, the children can’t stop.

We bought four seasons and saved 56 audio books. This series tells an interesting story about AJ, a strange pupil, after going to school. The language is vivid and the teachers in the book are very interesting. Every time I read it, Dingdang would laugh happily, and then "nuts" became a mantra.

He really liked this series, and finally I forcibly deleted the audio in the listener and hid the book before turning to the next series.

3. Storey Tree House-"Real" Tree House

It is also called "Kid Tree House", but this tree house is different from other tree houses. This is a serious tree house, and it is a tree house that adds 13 floors every few years and pierces the sky. If you go to see the little magic fairy of Balabala, you will be disappointed. Two old urchins (Andy and Terry) transformed each tree house into a dream kingdom, and with funny stories, they became another school.

There are only 9 original books in this series (up to the 117th floor), and Dingdang especially likes this set of books. Later, we found the 10th book (130th floor) in the market and continued to buy it back.

Because of the thickness of a single book, many friends also regard this set of books as a middle chapter book. We read this set of books after reading Mouse Reporter and Roald. For Dingdang, because some books in Roald series are too ugly, Tree House series can serve as an effective buffer for the middle chapter.

4. Other first chapter books-sprint 100 first chapter reading tasks

We have also read some other first chapters, such as Oxford Tree 10-13, Dog Man, Paper Man, Andrew Lost, etc. After we have completed the task of reading 100 first chapters, we are basically clear about these book routines and can enter the next stage of study.

Chapter book:

1. "Mouse Reporter"-Children are fascinated, but the hardcover edition in into the pit is too expensive.

Geronimo is probably one of the most famous mice in the world. This set of books tells the adventure story of him and his nephew Benjamin. The books are beautiful and the cartoons with the same name are very wonderful. We bought 50 books and watched 31 of them.

It is worth mentioning that the mouse reporter has a lot of hardcover books. The series of Dream Kingdom and Time Travel are the most exquisite chapter books I have ever seen. For the first time, I felt that books can be magnificent, so I collected 8 of them as collections.

Hardcover cover

This series is super complicated: there are 70 originals, 13 from Dream King, 6 from Time Travel, 11 from heroic stories, 5 from famous books, and female mice, etc … And the hardcover edition is more expensive (more than 70 each).

Original (70 copies)

Tinker bell likes this series very much, especially reading the hardcover edition. I interrupted her when she clamored to buy it all. It is "reading is risky, and into the pit needs to be cautious; Reading is too fascinating, and my loved ones have two tears. "

Inside pages of Dream Kingdom series

2. "Roald Dahl"-it has a large span and depth, and the adapted film can be watched together.

We bought 15 editions, and this series of books spans a lot, ranging from short stories like Mr. Fox to long stories like Witch and BFG. This is a set of in-depth books, and most of the titles have been adapted into movies, which can be regarded as chapters from saliva to literature.

Among them, Dingdang’s favorite book is Matilda. The protagonist in the book is a talented little girl. Her parents are vulgar, but she likes reading, has special functions, fights with evil teaching directors, and is finally raised by kind teachers. The movie version of this book is very good, with a scary middle and a magical ending. Dingdang has never seen this kind of book or movie before, and he was fascinated at once.

3. I survived-Fiction, which is most like Nonfiction, is suitable for helping children to go too far.

If "Mouse Reporter" is not enough to prove that Dingdang stands firm in the middle chapter, then I Survied is an important moment in Dingdang’s reading process.

First of all, the difficulty of this set of books is not low. The average AR is 4.5, and some of them reach 5.0. After reading it, you can basically stand firm in the middle chapter;

Secondly, this set of books is between Fiction and NonFiction, especially suitable for children who like reading fiction to transition to nonfiction;

Finally, these disasters mentioned in the book (such as Titanic, Pompeii, World War II) also appear repeatedly in other books, which is very convenient for comparative reading. In the process of reading, we incidentally pushed the Tree House Fact, which was rarely read before.

4. Other chapters-let children like to read books from movies

Including Charlotte’s Web, Wonder and Williams’ Worst Child series …

"Charlotte’s Web" is an award-winning single book, with few images and many words. Generally, it is impossible to read it. But recently, we signed up for an intensive reading class of Charlotte’s Web, distributed a large-character version of the book, and recently reviewed movies, which turned out to be a favorite for a time, clamouring for a pig like Charlotte (not afraid of developing a pig).

"Miracle Boy" is also watching movies and enjoying reading books. The worst children’s books are exquisite, and Williams is praised as Roald’s successor. The language is humorous, and the content is close to children’s life. It is not difficult to push them. I read three books in three days.

Worst children series

Gao zhangshu

1. "diary of a wimpy kid"-stepping into the threshold of high chapter: the unfortunate diary of an unfortunate child.

"diary of a wimpy kid" is the longest set of books read by Ding Dong. It has been read for three months, including 16 originals and 1 movie script introduction.

If most of the books mentioned above are about the "glorious deeds" of the masters, then this set of books is about Jeffkinney’s unlucky deeds. So I also understand why Dingdang likes this set of books so much, because we also like to read the unfortunate story of this unfortunate child. Tinker bell listened and watched, watched and listened, and by the way, he watched three movies with us.

Diary of a wimpy kid is a high threshold, so it is inevitable, but there are also unfriendly places for younger children. This set of books tells the story of junior high school, which is far from the first grade of primary school, and there are many descriptions of unrequited love and spit, which may have some bad effects. Anyway, this set of books is really great.

2. "How to Train Your Dragon"-the leader of dragon books

This is a set of books full of magic. After I failed in trying to promote percy jackson, Porter Lyle and Harry Potter, I faced a period of book shortage. At this time, How to Train Your Dragon appeared.

Of course, this set of books is very thick, and there are not many illustrations. It is really not an easy thing to read, but there are movies and audio excesses.

One afternoon, when Tinker Bell was listening to Book 12, I vaguely heard Tinker Bell crying intermittently when I was sleeping. Up to now, I still don’t quite understand why I was crying. Indeed, I don’t understand it.

3. "Harry Potter" and "percy jackson"-the content is too realistic, which is a bit difficult to promote.

After listening to the first five books of Harry and the first two books of Percy. Harry tried to push it twice, and I listened to 1-2 books each time. It was not easy to watch the film Dafa, and the later content was too realistic. The sixth book Dumbledore had to worship, so I couldn’t push it. I hope I can continue to listen to it during the summer vacation.

Nonfiction series

1. I wonder why-a set of classic nonfiction introductory books

This is a set of encyclopedias to read with the magic tree house. It is not difficult, but the picture is beautiful and thin. It is a good non-virtual introductory book.

2. Fact—— of tree house-it is not difficult, and you can push related topics through Raz.

Classic Nonfiction reading materials are equally difficult, even if there is residual heat after reading Magic Tree House, it is still difficult to promote. Later, related Fact are pushed one after another when Raz topics are involved.

3. "Crazy School" fact-question and answer form, easy to read.

It’s also an excellent fact. The tree house fact takes the form of description, and the crazy school fact takes the form of question and answer. Because the language is interesting, it’s basically finished.

4. who is/what is/where is-biographies of famous celebrities, with great volume.

Penguin’s famous Who What Where series involves all kinds of biographies, historical events and geographical locations. The difficulty is slightly more difficult than the last two sets of books, and the number of books is extremely large. We bought 100 of them, and now we have read some intermittently, and we plan to read half of them in the summer.

In addition to the books shown above, we also started to brush Raz, but we encountered many difficulties at the beginning. Therefore, regarding the reading of Raz, I will talk about it in the summary of experience.

Except for the sweat

On the way to reading, we also encountered many pits.

In the process of advancing from the beginning chapter to the higher chapter, we encountered the following problems:

First, I am unwilling to remember words.

For the 6-year-old original baby, it is very painful for him to recite words. When he throws his pen away, he is determined and just doesn’t recite it, which also makes it difficult for him to understand a little difficult book, and even more difficult for him to practice writing.

The second is to indulge in saliva books.

Tinker bell was fascinated by Crazy School for a while. He listened to it on the way to class, at dinner and before going to bed. He spoke like a little AJ, and it was basically impossible to push other books. The series of the first chapter is often very long. For example, if "Mouse Reporter" is read completely, I guess he has learned to make holes. In fact, after reading 30 books, the routine will be understood.

Third, GE scores can’t be broken for a long time.

Tinker bell stayed at the gateway of GE5.0 for half a year. After careful analysis, the reading speed is only 140 words/minute, and the accuracy is only about 95%, reflecting that the foundation of Tinker Bell is not solid enough. To break through 5.0, either the speed or the accuracy should be improved.

Fourth, resist reading.

In order to avoid being addicted to saliva books, I was in a hurry and forced to push some non-Fic, which caused Dingdang to resist reading for a long time. Therefore, choosing books became my trouble.

Dingdang is reading in the community in the morning

In order to get through these pits, we do this.

1. lay a good foundation for reading, words must be memorized.

To improve English reading, memorizing words and practicing listening and memorizing are an essential process. Many people see the great god’s book list, buy it all and rush to sprint, only to find that they are stuck at a certain level of Raz or some books can’t be pushed. The reason is that the English foundation is not solid.

We also encounter such a problem. Dingdang doesn’t like memorizing words very much. If words are not memorized properly, it will be difficult to accept Roald, which is a little more difficult. I remember that when I read the book Minpins on October 1 last year, I didn’t know more than 20 words on one page, so it is absolutely meaningless to force it.

So, I signed up for a local English class. My homework is 10 words a day, listening to a text, and dictating words in class. It is very painful to recite words at first. Grandma will secretly put the answers to words in the corner of the video, but I think memorizing words is the only way to learn English, even if you are all wrong, you should write them yourself.

Fortunately, Ding Ding is also stronger, slowly from only 1-2 to the final dictation of the highest score in the class (only he got it all right), and then he slowly stood firm in Raz G4. Raz’s hit rate is also gradually improved with the memorization of words.

Regarding what word books to read, I recommend 4000 words.

2. Choosing books is not for parents to show off, but must respect children’s own interests.

Choosing a set of books depends on the eye. Take Harry Potter as an example. Many people regard Harry as an important symbol of independent reading. It seems that reading Harry means that English can enter the stage of free reading.

I saw on other parenting websites that some parents even began to force their baby to listen to Harry Potter after several first chapters (such as Crazy School). In this year’s reading, I tried to push Harry many times and failed without exception.

I understand that we should respect the children’s world. Reading is not a way for them to play tricks and show off, but just reading.

I also understand that it is not easy for them to enter a series. They need to know the character and experience of the master and make friends with him. I would rather let him stay in the book world for a while and immerse himself for a while, so that he can become an emotional child.

In order to avoid drowning in saliva books and give consideration to children’s interests, I found a little trick:

That is "choose a good movie and read a meaningful book"!

Mr Fox, Charlie’s Chocolate Factory, Matilda, Charlotte’s Web, Wonder Boy, How to Train Your Dragon, Harry Potter and so on, all of which we do.

Immersion in books often begins with movies, and the actual effect is very good. Dingdang will carefully compare the differences between books and movies, ask questions in his heart, and more importantly, understand the meaning behind books.

Movie poster of Charlotte’s Web

3. Make rational use of Quiz and Star tests, and don’t worry too much about scores.

Everyone will generally use tests to check whether they understand the effect. Many parents will be very anxious when they see that Quiz has made many mistakes or GE has not been promoted for a long time, and so will we. This kind of orientation makes Ding Dong very nervous when doing Quiz.

In fact, if we only focus on the scores, then these tests are meaningless except wasting time.

On the one hand, I reduced the frequency of testing and returned to the source of reading. According to the characteristics of Tinker Bell, I changed the way to make a quiz for 2-3 articles, and star tested it every 2-3 months.

On the other hand, it is to study with children how to correct and how to get scores. This is the most important thing!

In order to do a good job in the test, Dingdang and I used the "ooxx" method of some mathematics-circled the key points of the topic and crossed out the obviously wrong options for the answers. At present, the accuracy has been greatly improved, which seems to be very easy to use.

4. Use fiction and non-fiction, but don’t be too hasty.

Reading Fiction can enrich children’s emotions, and reading fiction can help them learn more about knowledge. Fiction should cooperate with Nonfiction, but it is easy to cause resistance if it is pushed too hard.

After a year’s adjustment, the ratio of fiction to nonfiction was adjusted from 8:2 to 4:6.

The main experience is:

First, cut non-Fic into several themes, deepen the study of knowledge points through knowledge expansion, and string together historical figures and events;

The second is to regard non-Fic as Fic, and I Survived is such a series, which puts fiction in a specific historical background, thus inspiring children to understand historical events.

I saw a comment on an internet: Will reading make children lonely?

No, reading will make children more eager to communicate, but their knowledge of the same age can’t match. For example, your baby is talking about the Twelve Greek Gods, while the other person is talking about Ye Luoli.

Ding Dong recently read about the war between the United States and Mexico in Raz, and then linked the American War of Independence with the Mexican War of Independence. After reading these, he read Who Is Benjamin Franklin. He told me that Franklin and Jay Robin Kwamina Quaison were contemporary. I asked him who Jay Robin Kwamina Quaison was. He said that Thomas Jay Robin Kwamina Quaison, the third president of the United States, wrote the Declaration of Independence with Franklin.

Under the first grade, time is tight, but we still insist on 10 thousand words a day.

The amount of reading should be set according to each child’s own abilities and interests. If you read too much and don’t digest it in time, it will easily become a burden. In the future, children will have various ways to prevaricate; If you read too little and don’t strengthen it, you can’t reach the law of ten thousand hours.

Basically, we can input 10,000 words a day in English. Raz 1-2 articles are 2,000-4,000 words. In the morning and afternoon, we can input almost 4,000-5,000 words. In the evening, we can read/listen for almost one hour every day at a rate of 150-200 words/minute.

Under the first grade, because we have to focus on outdoor and math, there is not enough reading time. We have made the following improvements:

First, the whole family stops watching TV and mobile phones after the children return home, and prepares some interesting English Fiction at the table for him to browse at will during the break. Tinker bell stopped chasing cartoons like mini-agents and read his favorite books instead. After that, we still added half an hour of animated film time under the condition of jingling all the tasks, such as Charlotte’s Net and How to Train Your Dragon.

Second, listen to audio on the way to and from school. This period of time is almost half an hour, which is likely to cause children to walk without looking at the road and immerse themselves in their own world, but there is no way to deal with the urgency of time.

6. About the method of reading Raz

We entered Raz from G3, and basically kept the rhythm of about 10 books a week. Because Raz’s Nonfiction covers a wide range, there are many knowledge blind spots in reading, and the error rate is very high when Dingdang started reading. Some topics even have only two questions in one article. At that time, I often reflected on whether the entry point was high and whether it was necessary to downgrade.

How to read Raz has become a difficult problem for me and Dingdang to read.

Dingdang and I analyzed the reasons for the wrong questions together. He thought: There are too many new words and unfamiliar contents. I think: the questions are unfamiliar, and Raz can’t just read extensively.

Then we determined two changes: one is to change the method and change extensive reading into intensive reading; The second is to change the way of thinking and change the special reading into a knowledgeable understanding. We agreed to study in a new way for a month, and if not, we would be demoted.

Regular parent-child intensive reading: In order to increase the fun of reading Raz, we will have a reading contest with Dingdang (one person reads one book) and also carry out parent-child intensive reading (one person reads one sentence).

Intensive reading is necessary. Through intensive reading and discussion together, we can understand the background and theme of the article more effectively. He likes this way, because I always can’t read him, and I like this way very much. Dingdang can often connect the previous learning content and say unexpected content.

Extended reading: Raz covers a wide range. Due to the limited space, it is often only the tip of the big event, and more parents need to expand their background.

For example, we watched the Battle of the Alamo, which was an independent battle of Texas against the Mexican dictatorship, and all Texans who defended the city died.

Later, we found the movie pictures of the same name and related background materials in bilibili, and we were deeply impressed by the cruelty of the war and the American immigration to Texas. After watching the Mexican War of Independence a week later, he pointed to the map of the United States and said that Texas originally belonged to Mexico and was later taken by the United States.

It’s best to read every book: Raz is a very good set of books, with new words translated into English after each article. The text strictly follows the total score, and the content is often historical events, countries (geography), biographies and scientific achievements, which is simply a miniature version of Who/What/Where. Our goal is to read every book to the letter, supplemented by some non-fiction and fiction books he likes.

Finally, I must say that this year,

I don’t feel hard when my father takes care of my baby.

This year’s study, although Ding Dong did not continue to show the rapid improvement in English, he showed perseverance and perseverance. At the lowest point in March, I once wrote, "Jiwa will always encounter problems of one kind or another on the road. She has been disappointed and troubled. She is not as good as I imagined, and she is not as miserable as I imagined. She has not given up, and we will continue to carry on with the burden."

Baby dad with baby is different from baby mom. Baby dad with baby has several characteristics:

First of all, the possible advantages of baby dad are that he is good at making plans, setting directions, being strict with children, and being able to repair conflicts with children through games and parent-child sports.

Secondly, I need efficient companionship. I am busy with my work. I try to come back early every day to accompany me for 1-2 hours. This time must be efficient to ensure that 70% of the tasks in one day are completed.

Thirdly, it is necessary to show patience. Tinker bell is not a self-stressing baby. I must always remind him of the goal of learning and why he studies. When Tinker bell fails to meet expectations, I will be more agitated. At this time, I need to calm down and give more encouragement instead of a big stick.

In addition, the father needs the help of the family especially. After planning, most of the work depends on children, grandparents and grandparents.

Especially Ma Ma, a child, if I make a study plan and implement it, she is definitely the maker of children’s study habits and English learning strategies. She is the link between me and my children. She can often clearly point out the wrong direction of taking care of my baby and protect my relationship with my children when I am angry with Dingdang.

Although we are very busy, our common agreement is that no matter what the weekend, we will completely put down our work and take time out to accompany Dingdang to grow up. Under the same goal, everyone is involved in it, performing their duties, and dynamically adjusting according to Eva’s thoughts.

I took my baby to study for a year and a half. On the one hand, I had to work, on the other hand, I had to ponder how to make him better. But I didn’t feel hard. Instead, I saw that he was constantly surpassing himself and surpassing me. I felt very successful.

When I was young, my deepest memory was that my father accompanied me for a morning run. I thought maybe when I grew up, I would remember the days when I accompanied him.

Original title: "The mother of the child is too busy, and the" scum "father shouldered the heavy burden and actually took the baby to read 600 English books a year! 》

Read the original text

The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a typhoon blue warning at 10: 00 on October 20.

  CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a typhoon blue warning at 10: 00 on October 20:

  This year’s No.16 typhoon "Sanba" (tropical storm level) landed again at the coast of Suixi County, Guangdong Province around 9: 45 am today (20th). At the time of landing, the maximum wind force near the center was 8 (20m/s), and the lowest pressure in the center was 995 hectopascals. At 10 o’clock in the morning, its center is located in Suixi County, which is 21.1 degrees north latitude and 109.7 degrees east longitude. The maximum wind force near the center is 8 (20 m/s), and the lowest pressure in the center is 995 hectopascals.

  It is estimated that "Sanba" will move southwards at a speed of about 10 kilometers per hour, and approach the coastal area in the northwest of Hainan Island, and its intensity will gradually weaken.

  Gale forecast:From 14: 00 on the 20th to 14: 00 on the 21st, there will be 6-8 winds in the northwest of the South China Sea, Beibu Gulf, Qiongzhou Strait, the central and western coastal areas of Guangdong, the coastal areas of Guangxi, and the northern and western coastal areas of Hainan Island, with gusts of 9-10.

  Precipitation forecast:From 14: 00 on the 20th to 14: 00 on the 21st, there were heavy rains in parts of southern South China, among which there were heavy rains (100-240mm) in parts of southeastern Guangxi and southwestern Guangdong. Some of the above areas are accompanied by short-term heavy rainfall (the maximum hourly rainfall is 20-50 mm, and the local area can exceed 80 mm), and there are strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds.

  Defense guide:

  1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in typhoon prevention and emergency rescue.

  2. Water operations and passing ships in relevant waters should return to Hong Kong to take shelter from the wind, strengthen port facilities, and prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision.

  3. Stop large-scale indoor and outdoor gatherings and dangerous outdoor operations such as high altitude.

  4. Reinforce or dismantle structures that are easy to be blown by the wind. Personnel should not go out at will. They should stay in windproof and safe places as far as possible, so as to ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home, and the dangerous people will be transferred in time. When the typhoon center passes by, the wind will decrease or stay still for a period of time. Remember that the strong wind will suddenly blow and you should continue to stay in a safe place to avoid the wind.

  5. Relevant areas should pay attention to prevent flash floods and geological disasters that may be caused by heavy precipitation.

Team article by Professor Yu Kai from Shanghai Jiaotong University

Title: acoustic word embeddings for end-to-end speech synthesis (end-to-end speech synthesis based on acoustic word embedding)

Journal: Applied Sciences

Authors: Feiyu Shen, Chenpeng Du and Kai Yu,

Publication date: 27 September 2021

DOI:10.3390/app11199010

Wechat link:

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s? __biz=MzI1MzEzNjgxMQ==&mid=2650042375&idx=2&sn=

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Journal link:

https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci

Introduction of communication author

Professor Yu Kai

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

The main research direction is the research and industrialization of interactive artificial intelligence, speech and natural language processing and machine learning.

Speech synthesis is one of the key issues to realize human-computer interaction. Yu Kai’s team from the Cross-media Speech Intelligence Laboratory of Shanghai Jiaotong University recentlyApplied SciencesIn this paper, an end-to-end speech synthesis method based on acoustic word embedding is studied.

introduction

In recent years, the end-to-end text-to-speech synthesis (TTS) model based on sequence-to-sequence generation architecture has achieved great success in generating natural speech. In order to avoid frame-by-frame decreasing, unnatural TTS models, such as FastSpeech and FastSpeech2, are proposed to improve the speed of speech generation. However, vocabulary recognition is very important for TTS systems to generate highly natural speech, but most end-to-end TTS systems only use phonemes as input markers, ignoring the information of which vocabulary phonemes come from.

Previous studies used preset language words to embed phoneme sequences as the input of TTS system. However, because language information is not directly related to how words are pronounced, the embedding of these words hardly affects the improvement of TTS quality. In this paper, a word acoustic embedding method combined with TTS system is proposed. Experiments on LJSpeech data set show that the acoustic embedding of words significantly improves the likelihood of prosodic prediction of sonic level on training set and verification set. The subjective evaluation of the naturalness of synthesized audio shows that the system with acoustic word embedding is obviously superior to the pure TTS system and other TTS systems with preset word embedding.

design highlights

1. Propose an end-to-end TTS system based on Acoustic Word Embedding (AWE) joint training to help improve rhythm and naturalness;

2. Using the prosody modeling method based on GMM to objectively measure the prosody of synthesized audio;

3. Explore the best structure of word encoder and the best threshold of word frequency screening;

4. Subjective evaluation after the test shows that AWE is more natural than pre-trained word embedding.

End-to-end speech synthesis method based on acoustic word embedding

Part1: end-to-end speech synthesis

In this paper, FastSpeech2 is selected as the acoustic model, but prosody modeling is not explicitly considered, which makes it difficult to objectively evaluate the prosody prediction performance of TTS system without subjective listening test. Based on this, a phoneme-level prosodic prediction module is introduced into the model, which can predict the prosodic embedding distribution of each phoneme autoregressively. Compared with the standard Fastspeech2 system, it can not only improve naturalness, but also allow the logarithmic likelihood of prosodic embedding to easily and objectively evaluate the prosodic prediction performance at phoneme level, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. End-to-end speech synthesis based on GMM prosody modeling.

Part2: Acoustic Word Embedding

Nowadays, most popular TTS systems use phonemes as sound input markers, ignoring the information of which vocabulary phonemes come from. However, vocabulary recognition is very important for TTS system to generate highly natural speech. In this paper, acoustic word embedding is proposed to synthesize natural speech, and a word encoder and a word phoneme aligner are introduced into the traditional TTS system. The architecture is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Model architecture with acoustic word embedding.

Experimental setup and results

1. Experimental setup

The TTS model in this paper is based on Fastspeech2 (GMM prosodic modeling). The number of Gaussian components in GMM is set to 20, and Adam optimizer and Noam learning rate scheduling strategy are used for TTS training. The researchers used 320mel-spectrogram as acoustic features, with a frame shift of 12.5ms and a frame length of 50 ms.. MelGAN is used as vocoder to reconstruct waveform.

2. Word encoder architecture

The performance of three common word encoder structures is compared.

(1) None: the baseline of the word encoder is not used;

(2) BLSTM;: a layer of 512-dimensional bidirectional LSTM;

(3) Transformer: 6-layer 512-dimensional transformer module;

(4) Conv+Transformer: one layer of 1D-CNN with a core size of 3, followed by six layers of 512-dimensional Transformer module.

Table 1. Parameter number and reasoning speed of various encoder architectures (sec/frame).

3. Word frequency threshold

Table 2. Vocabulary and OOV under different word frequency thresholds.

Fig. 3. Loglikelihood curve of phoneme prosody with different word frequency thresholds.

conclusion

In this paper, an innovative method of directly training acoustic embedding of words in TTS system is proposed. The phoneme sequence and the word sequence pass through two encoders respectively, which are used as the input of TTS system together, and then the two output hidden states are spliced together for phoneme-level prosodic prediction. Experiments on LJSpeech data set show that the superposition structure of convolution and Transformer is the best for word encoder. In addition, the selection of word frequency threshold should be cautious, too large or too small threshold will lead to performance degradation. Finally, this paper compares the proposed system with several works that do not use the baseline of lexical information and use pre-trained words to embed. The subjective listening test shows that the system proposed in this paper is superior to all other systems in naturalness.

Applied SciencesPeriodical introduction

Editor-in-Chief: Takayoshi Kobayashi, The University of Electro-Communications, Japan.

The subject of the journal covers all aspects of applied physics, applied chemistry, engineering, environmental and earth sciences and applied biology.

 
 
 
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Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council: I hope that Taiwan Province will not deliberately set up obstacles to affect the reunion of Taiwan compatriots.

  CCTV News:On December 13th, the Taiwan Province Affairs Office of the State Council held a regular press conference to answer reporters’ questions on recent cross-strait hot issues.

  A reporter asked: New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, winter vacation and other festivals and holidays are approaching, and many Taiwanese businessmen and Taiwanese students in the mainland are very concerned about the air tickets to Taiwan. What are the arrangements between the two sides of the strait for the winter vacation and the Spring Festival this year?

  Zhu Fenglian, spokesperson of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council, responded: The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival of the Chinese nation, and the vast number of Taiwanese students, Taiwanese businessmen and Taiwan compatriots hope to return home smoothly for the holidays and family reunion. We feel the same way about their wishes. Relevant mainland authorities will actively make preparations for cross-strait Spring Festival overtime flights in line with the purpose of serving compatriots on both sides of the strait and facilitating the return of Taiwan compatriots. But to solve this problem, we also need the cooperation of Taiwan Province. It is hoped that Taiwan Province will listen more to the reflection of Taiwanese businessmen and Taiwan compatriots, come up with attitudes and practices that meet people’s expectations, and don’t deliberately set up obstacles to prevent the vast number of Taiwanese businessmen and Taiwan compatriots from returning home to reunite with their families.

Spring Festival travel rush is a little different this year! One, two, three, four … Surprised or not?

       CCTV News:Yesterday (5th), the national railways adjusted the train diagram. After this adjustment, Spring Festival travel rush this year is a little different from previous years. This first "different", summed up in four words, is an increase of "one-stop direct". According to the adjusted train diagram, it is possible to have a one-stop direct train from Shenyang to Beijing. From 0: 00 yesterday (5th), Shenyang North Station started a "one-stop direct" high-speed train to Beijing South Station for the first time, with a running time of 3 hours and 45 minutes, which is also the shortest running time between Shenyang and Beijing. There is a direct stop, and there is a direct connection between the two places. This year, the high-speed train from Fujian will go through Guangxi and Sichuan for the first time in Spring Festival travel rush.

Image source network

Image source network

       [Direct connection between the two places] Fujian opened the first direct high-speed train in Sichuan, Guangxi.

       After the implementation of the new train operation map for the national railways on January 5, Fujian started the first through high-speed trains from Fuzhou to Nanning East and from Xiamen North to Chengdu East. This means that this year in Spring Festival travel rush, the high-speed train from Fujian will go directly to Guangxi and Sichuan provinces for the first time. Among them, the whole running time from Fuzhou to Nanning is about 10 hours and 30 minutes, saving 2 hours compared with before; The whole running time from Xiamen to Chengdu is about 13 hours and 40 minutes, saving nearly 4 hours compared with before.

       It is understood that the high-speed train from Fuzhou to Nanning East will pass through Jiangxi and Hunan; The high-speed train from Xiamen to Chengdu will pass through Guangxi, Hunan, Guizhou, Chongqing and other places, all of which are routes with more tourists from Spring Festival travel rush in previous years. It is predicted that the peak of returning home before the holiday will appear from January 28th to February 3rd in Spring Festival travel rush this year.

       [Interconnection of Three Places] From scratch, Tianjin Jizhou entered the era of high-speed rail.

       In the past, it was inconvenient to travel from Beijing or Hebei to Jizhou, Tianjin, and the journey of reversing many times made people very tired. However, after the national railway adjusted the train operation map yesterday (5th), Jizhou District of Tianjin welcomed the train stop for the first time, and it only took 42 minutes to get from Beijing to Jizhou at the earliest. In addition, in order to facilitate the travel of foreign tourists to Jizhou, a bus line connecting Jizhou City and Jizhou Station is set up in the square of Jizhou Station. Through the seamless connection between buses and trains, tourists can reach tourist attractions and mountain village farmhouses more conveniently.

       At present, there are five EMU trains stopping at Jizhou Station in Tianjin, connecting Jizhou with Beijing and Qinhuangdao in Hebei, making the rail transit network between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei more dense and convenient.

       [Severe punishment for "bully"] 452 people were arrested for "bully" and other disorderly behaviors.

       There is another difference in Spring Festival travel rush this year, that is, strengthening the rectification of the "hegemony" behavior. Recently, the "bully seat" and "bully shop" have become a hot issue of social concern. In order to create a safe and orderly travel environment for the vast number of tourists, the railway police authorities across the country have recently launched special actions to focus on rectifying outstanding public security problems that disrupt the order of stations and cars, such as "bully seat", "blocking doors" and "forcibly entering the station". Since the launch of the special campaign of centralized rectification, the railway police have investigated and dealt with 2,856 illegal and disorderly behaviors, and 452 people have been administratively detained by the railway police according to law for disturbing the order of stations and cars, such as "dominating seats".

       On December 1, 2018, on the G170 train, a drunken woman forcibly occupied other people’s seats and insulted the staff and other passengers. Subsequently, the Beijing Railway Public Security Bureau immediately contacted and coordinated with the Shanghai Railway Public Security Bureau to jointly handle it properly. Nanjing railway police took the woman out of the car at Nanjing South Railway Station, punished her by administrative detention for 7 days according to law, and informed the railway credit information system.

       On December 8, 2018, on the Z25 train from Wuchang to Shanghai, another "Bapu" man appeared. After the man arrived at the station, Ba refused to get off the bus in the sleeper compartment and refused to make up the ticket, and his attitude was bad. The man’s behavior seriously disturbed the normal order and was administratively detained by the Wuhan Railway Police according to law.

       On December 14, 2018, on the K7426 train, a woman held a ticket for car No.4, but forcibly occupied three seats in car No.3, causing three passengers to be unable to sit. After being persuaded and educated by the train conductor and the police, the woman still refused to give up her seat. Subsequently, the Jilin Railway Public Security Bureau took him away from his seat by police. The bully woman was punished by administrative detention for 5 days.

Ministry of Commerce: Foreign trade is confident to achieve positive growth in the second half of the year.

  On the afternoon of September 27th, the State Council Press Office held a routine briefing on the State Council policy, introducing the situation of supporting the stable development of foreign trade and answering reporters’ questions.

  Wang Shouwen, international trade negotiator and vice minister of the Ministry of Commerce, said that from January to August, China’s foreign trade import and export reached 27.3 trillion yuan, a record high. However, foreign trade is facing some new uncertainties, and the growth of external demand is slowing down, which is the biggest uncertainty facing foreign trade at present. This is reflected in the slowdown in the economic growth of major economies such as the United States and Europe, and the decline in the growth rate of global trade in goods.

  In order to cope with this background and promote the steady growth of foreign trade, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made timely arrangements to create a good environment for foreign trade enterprises and create good conditions for the goal of maintaining stability and improving quality of foreign trade.

  From January to August, China’s mechanical and electrical products accounted for 56.5% of foreign trade exports, while automobile exports increased by 57.6% and solar cell exports increased by 92.6%. It is worth noting that in August, the export growth of China to other RCEP member countries reached 23%, which was 11.2 percentage points higher than the overall foreign trade export growth rate in August. Free trade agreements, including RCEP, came into effect on January 1st this year, which played a very important role in promoting the development of China’s foreign trade.

  Generally speaking, despite the background of slowing or even weakening external demand, we are confident that foreign trade will achieve positive growth in the second half of the year and make positive contributions to the recovery of the national economy through the growth of foreign trade.

How to plan the reunion road when the ticket is lost? Curve home, reverse family visit

  Beijing, Jan 23rd (Leng Haoyang) In 2018, Spring Festival travel rush’s "ticket grabbing war" is still hot. However, for the passengers who haven’t grabbed the train tickets, they can find another way to re-plan their Spring Festival reunion. At this time, while paying attention to the "missing" of the remaining tickets, such passengers can also skillfully use air-rail combined transport, continuous transfer, network hitchhiking, reverse family visits and other measures to "curve" reunion.

  Data Map: On January 4th, Taiyuan Railway Station, Shanxi Province, passengers bought train tickets at the manual ticketing window. China News Service reporter Wei Liang photo

  Always pay attention to the remaining tickets and prepare for "missing"

  For passengers who haven’t grabbed their tickets, according to the introduction of the railway department, we can pay attention to several time points when there are more refunds.

  First, 30 minutes after the ticket is sold, if a passenger fails to pay in time after successfully grabbing the ticket, these ticket sources will return to the ticket warehouse after 30 minutes;

  Second, on the 15th day before driving, according to the relevant regulations on railway refund, refund fees are not charged for those who refund tickets more than 15 days before driving, and passengers with uncertain trips often choose this time node to apply for refund.

  The third is one to two days before driving. At this time, passengers who occupy tickets can basically determine the itinerary, especially from 22: 00 to 23: 00, which is the peak time for passengers to refund their tickets;

  Fourth, before driving, the system will release some of the remaining tickets, and passengers who have not grabbed the tickets can "catch up" at this time.

  In addition, the reporter noticed that some trains temporarily stopped selling tickets due to map adjustment, and some temporary passenger trains were added by the railway department. Passengers who did not grab tickets can pay more attention to the ticketing time of such trains in order to grab tickets at the first time.

  Clever use of air-rail combined transport can "curve home"

  In Spring Festival travel rush, long-distance train tickets are generally "one ticket is hard to find". In this regard, passengers can re-plan the route, air-rail combined transport, and curve home.

  Nowadays, many airlines and railway departments have launched air-rail combined transport, flying to cities near their destinations first, and then transferring to high-speed trains to go home, or taking a high-speed train first, and then transferring to planes to fly to their destinations.

  As for the cost, compared with the railway and Spring Festival travel rush, there will be some situations in air transportation where the capacity of some routes is relatively sufficient and the discount is large. Choosing air-rail combined transport is not only easy to buy tickets but also affordable.

  Taking Beijing to Ningbo as an example, the reporter’s inquiry showed that on February 14th (the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month), not only was it hard to get a train ticket, but it also cost more than 1,000 yuan to fly. If you fly to Shanghai first on February 14th, the cheapest air ticket is only 400 yuan, and then transfer to a high-speed train with a price of 100 yuan, the whole journey will only take you around 600 yuan, which not only reduces the difficulty of purchasing tickets, but also makes it more cost-effective.

  Try "connecting and transferring" and buy more stops.

  The recommendation of the "continuous transfer" scheme introduced by the railway department last year can also reduce the difficulty for passengers to purchase tickets. When passengers can’t buy through tickets, they can choose the "continuous transfer" function, and the ticketing system will show passengers the remaining tickets of some trains that transfer once on the way. If passengers choose to buy, they can complete the payment of tickets for two trips at one time.

  The reporter inquired about the train ticket from Beijing to Lanzhou on February 14 at the 12306 client, and found that there were only 8 trains a day on this line, and there were no tickets left. The reporter also inquired about the tickets from Beijing to Xi ‘an on the same day, and found that among the 32 trains, some high-speed trains still have tickets available for purchase.

  The reporter also inquired about the tickets from Xi ‘an to Lanzhou, and found that there were 76 trains on February 14th, and there were still many tickets left. If you transfer home in this way, it will make it easier for passengers to buy tickets.

  In addition, passengers can also try to buy more stops. According to the principle of "ensuring long distance" of the railway department, passengers can try to buy a few stops backwards when purchasing tickets, and get off early, or try to buy tickets from the previous stops to increase the chances of buying their favorite tickets.

  You can choose a long-distance "ride" and pay attention to safety.

  In recent years, the rise of long-distance "hitchhiking" has also greatly facilitated passengers’ way home during the Spring Festival.

  Zhang Peng works in Beijing and lives in Jiyuan, Henan. Zhang Peng said that although the distance is not far, there is no direct high-speed train, and there are only five trains a day, which takes about 10 hours. If you choose to take the high-speed train to Zhengzhou and then transfer, on the one hand, it is not easy to buy tickets, on the other hand, it is more troublesome.

  Zhang Peng told the reporter of Zhongxin. com that he has been a frequent visitor to the long-distance ride. He used the ride to return home during the 11th holiday last year, and he still plans to take the ride this Spring Festival. Although the fare of more than 300 yuan is twice as high as 178 yuan for a hard sleeper, it is convenient and worry-free.

  On the client side of a network car, just select the "cross-city" option in the "Ride" interface, then enter the departure time, departure place and destination to get a car, and you can also see the estimated price. From Fuchengmen, Beijing to Jiyuan Bus Station, the estimated cost is 341.8 yuan.

  The safety of the network car has also been concerned. In this regard, the police reminded that when taking a car online, it is best to write down the license plate number before getting on the bus. It is best not to carpool with people you don’t know and share your position with relatives and friends at any time. In case of danger, you should keep calm and call the police in time.

  "reverse visiting relatives" to realize another kind of reunion

  Wang Bo, a native of Harbin, has worked in Beijing for three years. In the previous two years, he was a member of Spring Festival travel rush’s "ticket grabbing army", but he plans to invite his parents to Beijing for the New Year this year.

  Wang Bo told the reporter of Zhongxin. com that going home every year is very "heart-tired". Tickets are too difficult to grab, and it is inevitable to visit relatives and friends when going home. It has become a luxury to take advantage of the Spring Festival holiday to have a good rest.

  "My father has always wanted to come to the National Centre for the Performing Arts to watch a performance, just taking advantage of the Spring Festival to take his parents around Beijing. During the Spring Festival, there are fewer Beijingers, and a family of three can have a good year in Beijing quietly." Wang Bo said.

  In this regard, the reporter inquired about the train ticket from Beijing to Harbin on February 14 and found that "one ticket is hard to find", and even the economy class of the plane is not much left. However, if there is a "reverse reunion", the ticket source from Harbin to Beijing is sufficient, and the minimum flight cost is only 200 yuan. (End)

General Administration of Customs: 56 measures to promote the stability of foreign trade and foreign investment have been effective and the level of customs clearance facilitation has been continuousl

  Press conference site

  CCTV News:On October 13th, the State Council held a press conference on import and export in the first three quarters. In response to a reporter’s question, Li Kuiwen, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs and director of the Statistics and Analysis Department, introduced that the Customs resolutely implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, concentrated on "six stables" and "six guarantees", made overall plans to prevent and control the epidemic situation at ports and promote the steady growth of foreign trade, further proposed 56 measures to stabilize foreign trade and foreign investment, and continuously improved the level of customs clearance facilitation.

  First, reform and innovation promote trade facilitation.We will comprehensively promote facilitation measures such as "two-step declaration", "declare in advance", "green channel" and exemption from on-site inspection to improve customs clearance efficiency. In September, the overall customs clearance time for imports and exports in China was 35.02 hours and 1.86 hours respectively, which was 64.04% and 84.87% lower than that in 2017, both of which have decreased for five consecutive months.

  The second is to find ways to reduce the cost of enterprises.By reducing and exempting the import delay payment, late payment fee and the interest of deferred tax on domestic sales of processing trade goods, the company has reduced and saved nearly 200 million yuan. Especially among the import and export enterprises that use tariff guarantee insurance, SMEs account for about 70%.

  The third is to accelerate the pilot to promote the development of new formats.Comprehensively promote the regulatory measures for the return of cross-border e-commerce export commodities, and carry out pilot projects for cross-border e-commerce enterprises to export to enterprises. Encourage the central and western regions, the northeast and other places to carry out market procurement trade pilot. In the first three quarters, the import and export through the customs cross-border e-commerce management platform was 187.39 billion yuan, up 52.8%, and the market procurement export was 509.86 billion yuan, up 35.5%.

  The fourth is to take multiple measures to promote the creation of a new highland for opening up.Vigorously support the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port and Yangshan Comprehensive Bonded Zone, intensify the innovation and replication of customs supervision system in the Pilot Free Trade Zone, and promote the full implementation of global maintenance and remanufacturing business in the comprehensive bonded zone. In the first three quarters, the import and export of the national comprehensive bonded zone was 2.34 trillion yuan, an increase of 15.1%, 14.4 percentage points higher than the growth rate of foreign trade.

  The fifth is to fully guarantee the import of key products.We will continue to expand the scope of importing countries and commodities, newly approve 5,965 foreign registered enterprises, and increase the import security of important agricultural products and foods such as meat, grain, aquatic products and fruits. In the first three quarters, meat and grain were imported 162.65 billion yuan and 253.36 billion yuan respectively, up by 87.3% and 20.7% respectively.

  In the next step, the national customs will deepen reform and innovation, do a good job in the work of "six stabilities" and "six guarantees", fully promote the implementation of 56 measures to further stabilize foreign trade and foreign investment, promote the stable development and quality improvement of foreign trade, and make positive contributions to promoting the formation of a new development pattern.

First time in 60 years! Hollywood screenwriters and actors will join hands to strike: pay dividends later and pay attention to AI reproduction performance.

  According to The New York Times’s report on July 13th, SAG-AFTRA announced that it had failed to reach a new agreement with AMPTP, which represents the interests of film and television production companies, and decided to strike.

  Earlier, the American Writers’ Union (WGA) began a strike on May 2. SAG-AFTRA will soon join their camp, which is also after 1960, when actors and screenwriters went on strike again. During the strike, the actors’ union will stop all script, film and TV production under AMPTP.

  Last month, members of the Actors’ Union voted overwhelmingly by 98%, authorizing the union management to go on strike if no agreement can be reached in the negotiations, and at the same time authorizing the union leaders to "stick it out" in the negotiations with the management.

  In the latest statement, the Actors’ Union said: "SAG-AFTRA is eager to reach an agreement that fully meets the needs of performers, and the producer’s response to the most important proposal of the Actors’ Union is to insult and disrespect our contribution to this industry. These companies refuse to make meaningful contacts on some topics, while others completely hinder us. "

  The union also said that after more than four weeks of negotiations, AMPTP is still unwilling to provide a fair deal on key issues that are crucial to the members of the Actors Union. "

  AMPTP represents Amazon, Apple, Disney, Comcast’s NBC Universal, Netflix, Paramount Universal, Sony and Warner Bros. Discovery and other major film companies and streaming media companies.

  It is reported that the demands of the actors’ union include "economic fairness, late dividends, standardizing the use of AI, and alleviating the burden of self-recorded audition fees in the whole industry".

  The core issue is salary and the use of artificial intelligence.

  The actors’ union believes that the remuneration of actors has "seriously shrunk" in recent years. Under the old system, if a TV series is a great success, actors can expect that there will be a large amount of checks left in their bank accounts in the next few years. Actors believe that in the era of streaming media, cakes become smaller and checks become smaller.

  "Fundamentally, we are interested in ensuring that our members share the success of the projects they create." Duncan Crabtree-Ireland, the chief negotiator of the trade union, pointed out.

  Actors are also very concerned about artificial intelligence and how to use this technology to replicate their previous performances without paying or consulting them.

  The strike of the actors’ union means that almost all American TV dramas and movies being filmed will stop shooting. During the strike, hundreds of thousands of actors who joined the trade union were not allowed to shoot any films and TV works, and could not attend any press conference or film premiere.

Domestic generic drugs have been approved one after another, and the original research and innovation drug Noxintuo, an anti-heart failure drug, is facing "grabbing food" in the market of 3 billion yu

  21st century business herald reporter Ji Yuanyuan reports from Shanghai Recently, Yixinhe Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Yixinhe Medicine") developed and produced, and (1) Shakuba Quvalsartan Sodium Tablets (brand name: Yixintan) which was exclusively commercialized was approved by National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). Yixintan is the first generic drug of shakubatravalsartan sodium tablets approved for marketing in the global regulatory market by breaking through the original research patent through innovative crystal forms. The approved indications of this product are for treating essential hypertension and adult patients with chronic heart failure (NYHA II-IV grade, LVEF≤40%) with reduced ejection fraction, so as to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure.

  Immediately afterwards, Unacon also announced that its subsidiary company Shiyao Ouyi developed Shakubatrivalsartan sodium tablets (50mg, 100mg, 200mg) which have obtained the drug registration approval issued by National Medical Products Administration, and regarded them as the adult patients with chronic heart failure (NYHA II-IV grade, LVEF≤40%) with reduced ejection fraction, which reduced the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure.

  With the approval of domestic shakubatravalsartan sodium tablets, Novartis, the original drug manufacturer, also released information at the first time, saying that the marketing license for the generic drug of Novartis’ original research product shakubatravalsartan sodium tablets was approved, and Novartis declared that the pharmaceutical active ingredient of the original research product Noxintuo was protected by patents ZL200680001733.0 and ZL201210191052.2 in China.

  According to the relevant provisions of Article 11 of China’s Patent Law, any enterprise or individual shall not manufacture, use, promise to sell (including applying for online registration, participating in bidding, etc.), sell or import products falling within the scope of the above patent protection before the expiration of the above patent period, otherwise it will constitute patent infringement. To this end, Novartis emphasizes that it will reserve the right to claim its patent right against infringing imitations from relevant judicial and/or administrative organs.

  Regarding the patent issue, according to the public information, in April 2017, the patent of Shakubatroxobin Sodium Tablets registered by Novartis was declared invalid in China. On July 2, 2021, the crystal patent was also partially invalidated in China. Yixin and Medicine also emphasized in the official disclosure information that in 2022, the domestic sales of Shakuba Quvalsartan sodium tablets totaled nearly 3 billion yuan, and its China patent will expire in November 2026. Yixintan is a first-line drug for the treatment of heart failure and hypertension with independent intellectual property rights, which can legally make the majority of patients with heart failure and hypertension in China use equivalent and affordable innovative drugs three years in advance.

  It can also be seen that the domestic Shakubatroxobin Valsartan sodium tablets have been approved one after another, which will bring certain market challenges to the original drug.

  More than 10 pharmaceutical companies compete for the market

  Shakubatroxobin and valsartan sodium tablets are a new type of eutectic drug composed of enkephalinase inhibitors Shakubatroxobin and angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan sodium tablets in a molar ratio of 1:1. Eutectic structure can make the absorption and elimination rates of shakubarb and valsartan sodium tablets similar, and ensure the synchronous consistency of their efficacy. In addition, compared with independent preparations, eutectic drugs have the advantages of constant composition ratio, good storage stability, and can significantly improve drug solubility and oral bioavailability.

  As a representative drug of ARNi, Shakubatroxobin sodium tablets have been unanimously recommended by domestic and foreign guidelines in recent years. In 2021, the American Heart Association proposed that ARNi drugs should be given priority to patients with HErEF, and it is recommended to use them to the maximum tolerated dose or target dose (Class I). In 2018, China Heart Failure and Treatment Guidelines also recommended to replace ACEI/ARB with ARNi to further reduce the incidence and mortality of heart failure (Class I).

  Sakubatravalsartan sodium was originally researched by Novartis Entresto, and was first approved by the FDA in July 2015. It is the world’s first breakthrough and innovative drug in the field of heart failure treatment, and was approved to enter the domestic market for the first time in July 2017. It was included in the national medical insurance category B catalogue through negotiation in 2019, successfully renewed in 2021, and added indications for essential hypertension. In 2021, the global sales of the original research sand kubatroxobin sodium reached US$ 3.548 billion. In 2022, its global sales scale reached US$ 4.644 billion, up 37% year-on-year. In the first half of 2023, the drug also grew into the best-selling drug of Novartis, with sales reaching US$ 2.915 billion, up 31% year-on-year, and it is expected to exceed US$ 6 billion in the whole year.

  In the China market, the original yanshakubatravalsartan sodium is also a heavy variety. According to the data of the Minenet, the sales growth rate of this product in China’s three major terminals and six major markets has reached triple digits in recent years. In 2021, it exceeded 2 billion yuan for the first time, up 127.62% year-on-year, with full market potential; In 2022, the sales of Shakubatroxobin Sodium Tablets in China’s three major terminals and six major markets exceeded 2 billion yuan. Among them, the hospital market (public hospital terminal+public primary medical terminal) is the main sales channel, with a year-on-year increase of 6.54%.

  In this regard, some brokerage analysts told 21st century business herald that the innovative product layout must be aimed at chronic diseases, major diseases, diseases that pose a major threat to people’s health, such as cardiovascular diseases, tumors and major infectious diseases. At the same time, the core of making medicine is clinical value. With the rapid development of life science, many interdisciplinary fields are very active, and the large-scale treatment methods focusing on large populations are worthy of attention.

  "The successive approval of domestic shakubatravalsartan sodium tablets is a great benefit for cardiovascular patients, although the layout of many domestic pharmaceutical companies is already in the clinical stage, except for the single-minded and pharmaceutical/Fosun Pharma, Shiyan Ouyi, including Sichuan Kelun, Chengdu Beite, Qilu Pharmaceutical, Zhengda Tianqing, etc. are also accelerating the layout. This is due to the accelerated layout of many domestic pharmaceutical companies, and the prices of related products are expected to be further lowered, eventually benefiting more patients. " The above analyst said.

  According to the data of Minenet, at present, there are three companies that have production approval documents for Shakuba Quvalsartan Sodium Tablets. Among them, Unacon Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Nanjing Yixin and Medical Science and Technology Co., Ltd. were all approved on the same day with four types of imitation, which are regarded as over-evaluation, and tied for the first imitation and the first over-evaluation. In addition, 17 enterprises, including Shandong New Times Pharmaceutical, Nanjing Zhengda Tianqing Pharmaceutical and Qilu Pharmaceutical (Hainan), all reported their production under the new classification.

  An unavoidable patent dispute

  The competitive anxiety between Chinese and foreign pharmaceutical companies in Shakuba Quvalsartan sodium tablets is also considered to be an important reason for patent confrontation. At the same time, in recent years, patent disputes between original drugs and generic drugs have occurred from time to time. 21st century business herald reporter found through the search of Wisdom Bud database that as of the latest, there are more than 700 drug patents with litigation results in China, and more than 99% of them are invention patents. It can be seen that the handling of drug patent disputes needs urgent attention.

  Yixinhe Medicine also emphasized in the official information disclosure that Yixintan is a first-line drug for the treatment of heart failure and hypertension with independent intellectual property rights. Compared with the reference crystal form, when the relative humidity changes from 20% to 60%, it absorbs less water and is more stable, and can be sealed and stored below 30℃. This stable crystal form is more suitable for the vast China market.

  When talking about patents, some pharmaceutical executives also told 21st century business herald that the research and development of original innovative drugs has always been a "three high" industry with high threshold, high risk and high return. According to the latest literature, it takes an average of 12.5 years for a new drug to go on the market, which costs nearly $2.6 billion, and the success rate is less than 10%. Every new drug project is the most important decision of an enterprise, and the project process needs a lot of data research, especially the research on patents, documents and regulations takes a lot of time.

  "Therefore, how to find a balance between ensuring the innovation enthusiasm of the original drug research enterprises and reducing the burden on patients has been hotly debated. The FDA’s definition of generic drugs is very strict, and the requirements must be consistent with the dosage form, specifications and administration route of the copied products. If it is inconsistent, it will be declared as a new drug. " The above-mentioned pharmaceutical company executives said that for the long-term public interest, the state needs to protect the enthusiasm of the original drug research and development enterprises. At the same time, in order to limit the original drug research and development enterprises, it is necessary to encourage the imitation research and development of the original drug from the level of institutional norms and ensure the interests of generic drug enterprises.

  In order to better balance the interests of the original research drug and generic drug companies with the system, the new Patent Law, which came into effect on June 1, 2021, established the drug patent linking system in China, aiming at linking the two legal procedures, so as to clarify the interest relationship between the original research drug manufacturers and generic drug manufacturers and avoid the problem of patent punishment when the generic drug research and development is completed.

  As for how enterprises can avoid patent risks, Hou Xuchao, the founding partner of CIC Consulting, also told 21st century business herald that from the perspective of investment and financing, pharmaceutical companies have five key parameters when choosing product pipelines, including the success rate of products under research, patient base, product penetration rate, product pricing and patent life. With the improvement of pharmaceutical companies’ R&D strength, patent life needs more and more attention.

  "For the patent situation of unlisted drugs, investors need to hire professional IP lawyers to conduct detailed investigations. Because patent conflicts will directly make it difficult for candidate drugs to be marketed, and even directly affect the product value measured by all the above parameters, it is an essential step for patent investigation. " Hou xuchao said.

  There is a huge crowd in the chronic disease market behind Shakuba Quvalsartan sodium tablets. In terms of hypertension alone, China, as a big country with hypertension, has 245 million adult hypertensive patients, which means that Shakuba Quvalsartan sodium tablets have a broad market space and are an important direction for the future development of drugs. I believe many domestic and foreign manufacturers will make layouts and list related products one after another.

  However, it should also be noted that after the appearance of the first imitation drug, the clinical data, approval time and product price of the follow-up drugs and enterprises will all be factors affecting the competition pattern, especially the clinical effectiveness and safety, which will be the key to decide who can go further in this track.